each box in the diagram represents cell division, from fertilized egg to juvenile, from juvenile to adult, and finally from adult to sperm and egg cells. determine which cell division is occurring, mitosis or meiosis, and write in the name of the process.
diploid (2n) frog cells contain 13 pairs of chromosomes, or 26 chromosomes total. haploid (n) cells, such as sperm or egg, are not paired. using this information, fill in the diagram and the table below.
juvenile
(2n)
growth and development
16.
adult
(2n)
15.
egg (n)
17.
zygote
(2n)
fertilization
sperm (n)
organism | cell
# of chromosomes
diploid | haploid
18. frog
19. egg
20. sperm
23. zygote
23. compare the results of mitosis to the results of meiosis:

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 15 (Cell division from Zygote to Juvenile)
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Identify the process
Growth and development from zygote (2n) to juvenile (2n) involves cell division that preserves the diploid chromosome number. Mitosis is the cell division for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction, producing daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell.
## Step 2: Confirm the process
Since the zygote (2n) and juvenile (2n) have the same diploid chromosome number, the cell division here is mitosis.

# Answer: Mitosis

### Question 16 (Cell division from Juvenile to Adult)
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Identify the process
Growth and development from juvenile (2n) to adult (2n) also requires cell division that maintains the diploid chromosome number. Mitosis is responsible for the growth of an organism by producing more diploid cells.
## Step 2: Confirm the process
As both juvenile and adult are diploid (2n), the cell division occurring is mitosis.

# Answer: Mitosis

### Question 17 (Cell division from Adult to Egg)
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Identify the process
The production of egg cells (n) from adult diploid (2n) cells involves a cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half. Meiosis is the cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg) with a haploid chromosome number.
## Step 2: Confirm the process
Since the adult is diploid (2n) and the egg is haploid (n), the cell division here is meiosis, which halves the chromosome number.

# Answer: Meiosis (specifically Meiosis I and Meiosis II to produce haploid gametes)

### Question 18 (Frog - # of chromosomes and ploidy)
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Recall the given information
The problem states that diploid (2n) frog cells contain 13 pairs of chromosomes, or 26 chromosomes total.
## Step 2: Determine the values
A frog (adult) is a diploid organism, so the number of chromosomes is 26, and the ploidy is diploid (2n).

# Answer: Number of chromosomes: 26; Ploidy: Diploid (2n)

### Question 19 (Egg - # of chromosomes and ploidy)
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Recall the definition of egg cells
Egg cells are gametes, which are haploid (n) cells. The diploid (2n) number of chromosomes in frogs is 26, so the haploid (n) number is half of that.
## Step 2: Calculate the chromosome number
Half of 26 is 13. So the egg cell has 13 chromosomes and is haploid (n).

# Answer: Number of chromosomes: 13; Ploidy: Haploid (n)

### Question 20 (Sperm - # of chromosomes and ploidy)
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Recall the definition of sperm cells
Sperm cells are gametes, so they are haploid (n) cells. The diploid chromosome number in frogs is 26, so the haploid number is half of 26.
## Step 2: Calculate the chromosome number
Half of 26 is 13. Thus, the sperm cell has 13 chromosomes and is haploid (n).

# Answer: Number of chromosomes: 13; Ploidy: Haploid (n)

### Question 23 (Zygote - # of chromosomes and ploidy)
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Recall the process of fertilization
Fertilization is the fusion of a sperm (n) and an egg (n) to form a zygote. The chromosome number of the zygote is the sum of the chromosomes from the sperm and the egg.
## Step 2: Calculate the chromosome number
Sperm has 13 chromosomes (n) and egg has 13 chromosomes (n). So, 13 + 13 = 26 chromosomes. The zygote is diploid (2n) because it has the full set of chromosomes (2n) after fertilization.

# Answer: Number of chromosomes: 26; Ploidy: Diploid (2n)

### Question 23 (Compare mitosis and meiosis results)
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Recall the results of mitosis
Mitosis produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. The chromosome number is the same as the parent cell (diploid → diploid, or haploid → haploid in some cases, but in the context of frog development, from 2n → 2n). The number of daughter cells per parent cell is 2, and the cells are diploid (in somatic cells) or can be haploid (in some organisms, but not here).
## Step 2: Recall the results of meiosis
Meiosis produces gametes (sperm and egg) with half the chromosome number of the parent cell (2n → n). It produces 4 daughter cells per parent cell (in males, 4 sperm; in females, 1 egg and 3 polar bodies). The daughter cells are haploid and genetically diverse due to crossing over and independent assortment.
## Step 3: Compare the two processes
- **Chromosome Number**: Mitosis: Daughter cells have the same chromosome number as the parent cell (2n → 2n). Meiosis: Daughter cells have half the chromosome number of the parent cell (2n → n).
- **Number of Daughter Cells**: Mitosis: 2 daughter cells per parent cell. Meiosis: 4 daughter cells per parent cell (in males) or 1 functional gamete + 3 polar bodies (in females).
- **Genetic Identity/Diversity**: Mitosis: Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell (no genetic recombination in the context of growth). Meiosis: Daughter cells (gametes) are genetically diverse due to crossing over (exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes) and independent assortment (random alignment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I).
- **Ploidy**: Mitosis: Daughter cells have the same ploidy as the parent cell (diploid parent → diploid daughter cells; haploid parent → haploid daughter cells). Meiosis: Diploid parent cell → haploid daughter cells.

# Answer:
- **Mitosis**: Produces 2 daughter cells, each with the same chromosome number (diploid, 2n) as the parent cell, genetically identical to the parent cell, used for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
- **Meiosis**: Produces 4 daughter cells (or 1 functional gamete + 3 polar bodies in females), each with half the chromosome number (haploid, n) of the parent cell, genetically diverse (due to crossing over and independent assortment), used for sexual reproduction to produce gametes (sperm and egg).

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

of chromosomes

Explanation:

Question 15 (Cell division from Zygote to Juvenile)

Step 1: Identify the process

Step 2: Confirm the process

Step 1: Identify the process

Step 2: Confirm the process

Step 1: Identify the process

Step 2: Confirm the process

Answer:

Question 16 (Cell division from Juvenile to Adult)