Question

element write the noble gas notation electron configurations
noble gas notation electron configuration
krypton
silver
selenium
oxygen
scandium
lithium
titanium
silicon
bromine
boron
describe what the electron configuration means.
discuss why electrons do not orbit in a circle pattern about the nucleus and instead need more complex orbiting patterns?

Explanation:

Step1: Recall noble - gas notation rules

Noble - gas notation uses the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas with a lower atomic number as a core, and then adds the remaining electrons in the outer - shell orbitals.

Step2: Determine noble - gas notation for Krypton

Krypton (Kr) has an atomic number of 36. The nearest noble gas with a lower atomic number is Argon (Ar, atomic number 18). The electron configuration of Kr is \([Ar]3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^{6}\).

Step3: Determine noble - gas notation for Silver

Silver (Ag) has an atomic number of 47. Using Krypton as the noble - gas core (\([Kr]\)), the remaining electrons are 47 - 36=11. The electron configuration is \([Kr]4d^{10}5s^{1}\).

Step4: Determine noble - gas notation for Selenium

Selenium (Se) has an atomic number of 34. Using Argon as the noble - gas core (\([Ar]\)), the remaining electrons are 34 - 18 = 16. The electron configuration is \([Ar]3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^{4}\).

Step5: Determine noble - gas notation for Oxygen

Oxygen (O) has an atomic number of 8. The nearest noble gas with a lower atomic number is Helium (He, atomic number 2). The remaining electrons are 8 - 2=6. The electron configuration is \([He]2s^{2}2p^{4}\).

Step6: Determine noble - gas notation for Scandium

Scandium (Sc) has an atomic number of 21. Using Argon as the noble - gas core (\([Ar]\)), the remaining electrons are 21 - 18 = 3. The electron configuration is \([Ar]3d^{1}4s^{2}\).

Step7: Determine noble - gas notation for Lithium

Lithium (Li) has an atomic number of 3. Using Helium as the noble - gas core (\([He]\)), the remaining electron is 3 - 2 = 1. The electron configuration is \([He]2s^{1}\).

Step8: Determine noble - gas notation for Titanium

Titanium (Ti) has an atomic number of 22. Using Argon as the noble - gas core (\([Ar]\)), the remaining electrons are 22 - 18 = 4. The electron configuration is \([Ar]3d^{2}4s^{2}\).

Step9: Determine noble - gas notation for Silicon

Silicon (Si) has an atomic number of 14. Using Neon (Ne, atomic number 10) as the noble - gas core (\([Ne]\)), the remaining electrons are 14 - 10 = 4. The electron configuration is \([Ne]3s^{2}3p^{2}\).

Step10: Determine noble - gas notation for Bromine

Bromine (Br) has an atomic number of 35. Using Argon as the noble - gas core (\([Ar]\)), the remaining electrons are 35 - 18 = 17. The electron configuration is \([Ar]3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^{5}\).

Step11: Determine noble - gas notation for Boron

Boron (B) has an atomic number of 5. Using Helium as the noble - gas core (\([He]\)), the remaining electrons are 5 - 2 = 3. The electron configuration is \([He]2s^{2}2p^{1}\).

Step12: Explain electron configuration meaning

Electron configuration shows how electrons are distributed among different energy levels (shells), sub - levels (s, p, d, f), and orbitals in an atom. It helps in understanding an atom's chemical properties, reactivity, and bonding behavior.

Step13: Explain non - circular electron orbits

Electrons do not orbit in a circle because of the wave - particle duality and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. They exist in probability clouds (orbitals) around the nucleus, where the shape and orientation of the orbital are determined by quantum numbers.

Answer:

Krypton: \([Ar]3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^{6}\)
Silver: \([Kr]4d^{10}5s^{1}\)
Selenium: \([Ar]3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^{4}\)
Oxygen: \([He]2s^{2}2p^{4}\)
Scandium: \([Ar]3d^{1}4s^{2}\)
Lithium: \([He]2s^{1}\)
Titanium: \([Ar]3d^{2}4s^{2}\)
Silicon: \([Ne]3s^{2}3p^{2}\)
Bromine: \([Ar]3d^{10}4s^{2}4p^{5}\)
Boron: \([He]2s^{2}2p^{1}\)
Electron configuration meaning: Shows electron distribution in energy levels, sub - levels and orbitals, related to chemical properties.
Non - circular electron orbits: Due to wave - particle duality and Heisenberg uncertainty principle, electrons in probability clouds.