Question

1. fill in the blanks. mass # (p⁺ + n⁰)→ ₈¹⁶o ₁₅³¹p ₃₀⁶⁵zn atomic # (p⁺)→ p⁺ p⁺ p⁺ n n n e⁻ same as p⁺ if e- e- __ e- atom is neutral 8. fill in the blanks in the table below. isotope name isotope symbol protons number of... neutrons electrons atomic number mass number argon - 40 ₁₈⁴⁰ar 18 22 18 18 40 argon - 38 38ar 18 20 18 18 38 ₂₆⁵⁷fe 16 34 28 30 34 28 37 48 37 manganese - 55

Explanation:

Step1: Recall atomic - number and mass - number relationships

The atomic number ($Z$) is equal to the number of protons ($p^{+}$). The mass number ($A$) is the sum of protons and neutrons ($n$), i.e., $A=p^{+}+n$. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons ($e^{-}$) is equal to the number of protons.

Step2: For $_{8}^{16}O$

The atomic number of oxygen is 8, so the number of protons $p^{+}=8$. The mass number is 16. Using $A = p^{+}+n$, we get $n=A - p^{+}=16 - 8 = 8$. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons $e^{-}=8$.

Step3: For $_{15}^{31}P$

The atomic number of phosphorus is 15, so $p^{+}=15$. The mass number is 31. Then $n=A - p^{+}=31 - 15 = 16$. In a neutral atom, $e^{-}=15$.

Step4: For $_{30}^{65}Zn$

The atomic number of zinc is 30, so $p^{+}=30$. The mass number is 65. Then $n=A - p^{+}=65 - 30 = 35$. In a neutral atom, $e^{-}=30$.

Step5: For $_{26}^{57}Fe$

The atomic number is 26, so $p^{+}=26$. The mass number is 57, so $n=A - p^{+}=57 - 26 = 31$. In a neutral atom, $e^{-}=26$.

Step6: For the isotope with $Z = 16$ and $A = 34$

The number of protons $p^{+}=16$, the number of neutrons $n=A - p^{+}=34 - 16 = 18$, and in a neutral atom, $e^{-}=16$. The isotope symbol is $_{16}^{34}S$.

Step7: For the isotope with $p^{+}=28$ and $n = 30$

The atomic number $Z = 28$, the mass number $A=p^{+}+n=28 + 30 = 58$. In a neutral atom, $e^{-}=28$. The isotope symbol is $_{28}^{58}Ni$.

Step8: For the isotope with $n = 34$ and $e^{-}=28$

Since $e^{-}=p^{+}$ in a neutral atom, $p^{+}=28$. The mass number $A=p^{+}+n=28+34 = 62$. The atomic number $Z = 28$. The isotope symbol is $_{28}^{62}Ni$.

Step9: For the isotope with $p^{+}=37$, $n = 48$ and $e^{-}=37$

The atomic number $Z = 37$, the mass number $A=p^{+}+n=37 + 48 = 85$. The isotope symbol is $_{37}^{85}Rb$.

Step10: For Manganese - 55

The atomic number of manganese ($Mn$) is 25. So $p^{+}=25$, $n=A - p^{+}=55 - 25 = 30$, and in a neutral atom, $e^{-}=25$. The isotope symbol is $_{25}^{55}Mn$.

Isotope Name	Isotope Symbol	Protons	Neutrons	Electrons	Atomic Number	Mass Number
Argon - 38	$_{18}^{38}Ar$	18	20	18	18	38
Iron - 57	$_{26}^{57}Fe$	26	31	26	26	57
Sulfur - 34	$_{16}^{34}S$	16	18	16	16	34
Nickel - 58	$_{28}^{58}Ni$	28	30	28	28	58
Nickel - 62	$_{28}^{62}Ni$	28	34	28	28	62
Rubidium - 85	$_{37}^{85}Rb$	37	48	37	37	85
Manganese - 55	$_{25}^{55}Mn$	25	30	25	25	55

Answer:

Isotope Name	Isotope Symbol	Protons	Neutrons	Electrons	Atomic Number	Mass Number
Argon - 38	$_{18}^{38}Ar$	18	20	18	18	38
Iron - 57	$_{26}^{57}Fe$	26	31	26	26	57
Sulfur - 34	$_{16}^{34}S$	16	18	16	16	34
Nickel - 58	$_{28}^{58}Ni$	28	30	28	28	58
Nickel - 62	$_{28}^{62}Ni$	28	34	28	28	62
Rubidium - 85	$_{37}^{85}Rb$	37	48	37	37	85
Manganese - 55	$_{25}^{55}Mn$	25	30	25	25	55