Question

fill in the following table.

	symbol	name	atomic number	mass number	charge	protons	neutrons	electrons
1	$_{14}^{28}$si
2	$_{27}^{58}$co	cobalt - 58		58	+2	27	31	25
3	$_{28}^{58}$ni	nickel - 58	28	58	+2	28	30	26
4		scandium - 48	48		0
5	$_{32}^{72}$ge	germanium	32	72	0	32	40	32
6					0
7			88	226	0
8	$_{79}^{197}$au
9		rhodium - 103			0
10			80	201	0
11			78		+4
12					+2	82	125

Explanation:

Step1: Recall atomic - related concepts

The atomic number ($Z$) is equal to the number of protons. The mass number ($A$) is the sum of protons and neutrons ($A = p + n$). The charge of an atom or ion is given by $Charge=p - e$. In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons ($p = e$).

Step2: Analyze row 1

For $\ce{_{14}^{28}Si}$:

• Name: Silicon - 28
• Atomic number ($Z$): 14 (from the sub - script in the nuclear notation)
• Mass number ($A$): 28 (from the super - script in the nuclear notation)
• Charge: 0 (since it is a neutral atom)
• Protons: 14 (equal to the atomic number)
• Neutrons: $A - p=28 - 14 = 14$
• Electrons: 14 (equal to the number of protons for a neutral atom)

Step3: Analyze row 2

For $\ce{_{27}^{58}Co}$:

• Atomic number: 27
• Mass number: 58
• Charge: 0
• Protons: 27
• Neutrons: $58 - 27 = 31$
• Electrons: 27

Step4: Analyze row 3

For $\ce{_{28}^{58}Ni^{2 + }}$:

• Name: Nickel - 58 ion
• Atomic number: 28
• Mass number: 58
• Charge: + 2
• Protons: 28
• Neutrons: $58 - 28 = 30$
• Electrons: $p - Charge=28 - 2 = 26$

Step5: Analyze row 4

For $\ce{_{48}^{105}Cd}$:

• Name: Cadmium - 105
• Atomic number: 48
• Mass number: 105
• Charge: 0
• Protons: 48
• Neutrons: $105 - 48 = 57$
• Electrons: 48

Step6: Analyze row 5

For $\ce{_{32}^{72}Ge}$:

• Name: Germanium - 72
• Atomic number: 32
• Mass number: 72
• Charge: 0
• Protons: 32
• Neutrons: $72 - 32 = 40$
• Electrons: 32

Step7: Analyze row 6

For an atom with 33 protons:

• Symbol: $\ce{As}$ (Arsenic, since atomic number = 33)
• Name: Arsenic
• Atomic number: 33
• Mass number: $33 + 40=73$
• Charge: 0
• Protons: 33
• Neutrons: 40
• Electrons: 33

Step8: Analyze row 7

For an atom with atomic number 88:

• Symbol: $\ce{Ra}$ (Radium)
• Name: Radium
• Atomic number: 88
• Mass number: 226
• Charge: 0
• Protons: 88
• Neutrons: $226 - 88 = 138$
• Electrons: 88

Step9: Analyze row 8

For $\ce{_{79}^{197}Au}$:

• Name: Gold - 197
• Atomic number: 79
• Mass number: 197
• Charge: 0
• Protons: 79
• Neutrons: $197 - 79 = 118$
• Electrons: 79

Step10: Analyze row 9

For $\ce{_{45}^{103}Rh}$:

• Name: Rhodium - 103
• Atomic number: 45
• Mass number: 103
• Charge: 0
• Protons: 45
• Neutrons: $103 - 45 = 58$
• Electrons: 45

Step11: Analyze row 10

For an atom with atomic number 80:

• Symbol: $\ce{Hg}$ (Mercury)
• Name: Mercury
• Atomic number: 80
• Mass number: 201
• Charge: 0
• Protons: 80
• Neutrons: $201 - 80 = 121$
• Electrons: 80

Step12: Analyze row 11

For an ion with 78 protons and + 4 charge:

• Symbol: $\ce{Pt^{4+}}$ (Platinum ion, since atomic number = 78)
• Name: Platinum ion
• Atomic number: 78
• Mass number: $78+117 = 195$
• Charge: + 4
• Protons: 78
• Neutrons: 117
• Electrons: $78 - 4 = 74$

Step13: Analyze row 12

For an ion with 82 protons and + 2 charge:

• Symbol: $\ce{Pb^{2+}}$ (Lead ion, since atomic number = 82)
• Name: Lead ion
• Atomic number: 82
• Mass number: $82 + 125=207$
• Charge: + 2
• Protons: 82
• Neutrons: 125
• Electrons: $82 - 2 = 80$

Answer:

Symbol	Name	Atomic number	Mass number	Charge	Protons	Neutrons	Electrons
$\ce{_{27}^{58}Co}$	Cobalt - 58	27	58	0	27	31	27
$\ce{_{28}^{58}Ni^{2+}}$	Nickel - 58 ion	28	58	+ 2	28	30	26
$\ce{_{48}^{105}Cd}$	Cadmium - 105	48	105	0	48	57	48
$\ce{_{32}^{72}Ge}$	Germanium - 72	32	72	0	32	40	32
$\ce{_{33}^{73}As}$	Arsenic	33	73	0	33	40	33
$\ce{_{88}^{226}Ra}$	Radium	88	226	0	88	138	88
$\ce{_{79}^{197}Au}$	Gold - 197	79	197	0	79	118	79
$\ce{_{45}^{103}Rh}$	Rhodium - 103	45	103	0	45	58	45
$\ce{_{80}^{201}Hg}$	Mercury	80	201	0	80	121	80
$\ce{_{78}^{195}Pt^{4+}}$	Platinum ion	78	195	+ 4	78	117	74
$\ce{_{82}^{207}Pb^{2+}}$	Lead ion	82	207	+ 2	82	125	80