Question

1. a) is the following molecule polar or non - polar? explain your answer based on the electronegativity and dipole moment concepts you learned. water, h₂o: b) in the compound magnesium chloride, how many atoms of mg should be present________; and how many atoms of cl ________, to make an electrically neutral molecule (hint: this question is based on the ionic bond, electron transfers between metal and nonmetal).

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze electronegativity in water

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen. In $H_2O$, the $O - H$ bonds are polar, with the electron - density pulled more towards oxygen.

Step2: Consider molecular geometry and dipole moment

Water has a bent molecular geometry. The individual bond dipoles do not cancel out, resulting in a net dipole moment. So, water is polar.

Step3: Determine formula of magnesium chloride

Magnesium ($Mg$) has a +2 charge ($Mg^{2 + }$) and chlorine ($Cl$) has a - 1 charge ($Cl^{-}$). To form an electrically neutral compound, the formula is $MgCl_2$. So, there is 1 $Mg$ atom and 2 $Cl$ atoms.

Answer:

a) Polar. Due to electronegativity difference and non - canceling bond dipoles.
b) 1 atom of $Mg$; 2 atoms of $Cl$