Question

garnets are a class of minerals which exist in many colors. theyre often used as gemstones. one type of garnet, grossular, has the formula ca3al2(sio4)3. orange crystals of grossular garnet grossular is composed of calcium ions (ca2+), aluminum ions (al3+), and orthosilicate ions (sio44−) bonded together. for each pair of atoms or ions, identify whether they are covalently or ionically bonded in grossular garnet. pair of atoms/ions type of bond ca2+ and sio44− al3+ and sio44− si and o

Explanation:

Step1: Recall bond - type rules

Ionic bonds form between metals and non - metals, and covalent bonds form between non - metals.

Step2: Analyze $Ca^{2 + }$ and $SiO_{4}^{4 - }$

Calcium ($Ca$) is a metal and orthosilicate ($SiO_{4}^{4 - }$) is a polyatomic non - metal ion. So, the bond between $Ca^{2 + }$ and $SiO_{4}^{4 - }$ is ionic.

Step3: Analyze $Al^{3 + }$ and $SiO_{4}^{4 - }$

Aluminum ($Al$) is a metal and orthosilicate ($SiO_{4}^{4 - }$) is a polyatomic non - metal ion. So, the bond between $Al^{3 + }$ and $SiO_{4}^{4 - }$ is ionic.

Step4: Analyze $Si$ and $O$

Silicon ($Si$) and oxygen ($O$) are both non - metals. So, the bond between $Si$ and $O$ is covalent.

Answer:

$Ca^{2 + }$ and $SiO_{4}^{4 - }$: Ionic
$Al^{3 + }$ and $SiO_{4}^{4 - }$: Ionic
$Si$ and $O$: Covalent