Question

geologists use tools other than the law of superposition to help them with relative dating. which statements describe those tools? check all that apply.
an unconformity is created when lava pours out on earth’s surface.
faults are the result of volcanic activity.
intrusions and extrusions are sedimentary formations.
cross - cutting features are always younger than the surrounding rock.
when material erodes before sediment is deposited on it, a geologic gap results.

Explanation:

1. Analyze each option:

• Option 1: Unconformity is a gap in the geologic record, not created by lava pouring out (lava creates extrusions). So this is incorrect.
• Option 2: Faults are due to tectonic forces, not volcanic activity. Incorrect.
• Option 3: Intrusions (igneous rock formed inside Earth) and extrusions (igneous rock formed on Earth's surface) are igneous, not sedimentary. Incorrect.
• Option 4: Cross - cutting features (like faults, intrusions) are younger than the rock they cut through (principle of cross - cutting relationships). Correct.
• Option 5: When material erodes and then sediment is deposited later, an unconformity (geologic gap) forms. Correct.

Answer:

D. Cross - cutting features are always younger than the surrounding rock, E. When material erodes before sediment is deposited on it, a geologic gap results.