Question

geology final review packet/study guide
name: tomas d.
instructions: work with your peers to complete this packet. you may use your notebooks, diagrams, and each other to answer. due end of class today.
part 1: quick recall

1. name the three main types of rocks and briefly describe how each forms.
2. what is the difference between weathering and erosion?
3. what are the layers of the earth (from outer to inner)?
4. what is the difference between stalactites and stalagmites?
5. what is a mineral? how is it different from a rock?

Explanation:

1. Igneous rocks form from cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form from accumulation and compaction of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks undergoing heat - and pressure - induced changes.
2. Weathering is the breaking down of rocks in place by physical, chemical, or biological processes. Erosion is the movement of weathered material by agents like water, wind, or ice.
3. The layers of the Earth from outer to inner are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.
4. Stalactites hang from the ceiling of a cave and form as water drips and leaves behind mineral deposits. Stalagmites grow from the floor of a cave as water drips onto the surface and deposits minerals.
5. A mineral is a naturally - occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and a characteristic crystal structure. A rock is a solid aggregate of one or more minerals (or mineral - like substances).

Answer:

1. Igneous rocks: form from cooling of magma/lava. Sedimentary rocks: form from sediment accumulation and compaction. Metamorphic rocks: form from existing rocks under heat and pressure.
2. Weathering breaks rocks in place; erosion moves weathered material.
3. Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.
4. Stalactites hang from cave ceiling; stalagmites grow from cave floor.
5. Mineral: naturally - occurring, inorganic solid with definite composition and crystal structure. Rock: aggregate of one or more minerals.