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haploid vs diploid 1. is this cell a somatic cell or a gamete? 2. is th…

Question

haploid vs diploid

  1. is this cell a somatic cell or a gamete?
  2. is this cell haploid (n) or diploid (2n)?
  3. which process made this cell? (mitosis, meiosis, or fertilization)
  4. what does the arrow between the egg and the zygote represent?
  5. what does the arrow between the zygote and body cell represent?
  6. why do offspring inherit half of their dna from their mother and half of their dna from their father?

directions: to fill in the following table, read the description about the organism or cell in the first column, then figure out their diploid (2n) and haploid (n) chromosome numbers.
a somatic cell from a kangaroo has 16 chromosomes
a sperm from a western clawed frog has 10 chromosomes
a pollen grain (sperm) of a tomato plant has 12 chromosomes
a wing cell of a gypsy moth has 62 chromosomes
a polar bear skin cell has 74 chromosomes.
the egg of a walking catfish has 52 chromosomes

Explanation:

Step1: Recall cell - type definitions

Somatic cells are body cells and gametes are sex cells (sperm and egg).

Step2: Recall ploidy definitions

Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes (n) and diploid cells have two sets (2n). Gametes are haploid and somatic cells are diploid.

Step3: Recall cell - formation processes

Meiosis forms gametes, fertilization forms a zygote from sperm and egg, and mitosis forms somatic cells from a zygote.

Step4: Analyze arrows

The arrow from egg and sperm to zygote is fertilization, and from zygote to body cell is mitosis.

Step5: Understand DNA inheritance

Offspring inherit half of their DNA from each parent because gametes (sperm and egg) are haploid, each contributing one - set of chromosomes.

Step6: Calculate ploidy numbers

For a somatic cell, 2n is the given number of chromosomes and n is half of that. For a gamete, n is the given number of chromosomes and 2n is double that.

Cell TypeSomatic or GameteHaploid or DiploidProcess of Formation
EggGameteHaploid (n)Meiosis
ZygoteNeither (first cell of new organism)Diploid (2n)Fertilization
Body CellSomaticDiploid (2n)Mitosis
Organism/CellDiploid (2n) #Haploid (n) #
A sperm from a Western Clawed frog has 10 chromosomes2n = 20n = 10
A pollen grain (sperm) of a tomato plant has 12 chromosomes2n = 24n = 12
A wing cell of a Gypsy moth has 62 Chromosomes2n = 62n = 31
A Polar bear skin cell has 74 chromosomes.2n = 74n = 37
The egg of a Walking Catfish has 52 Chromosomes2n = 104n = 52

Answer:

Cell TypeSomatic or GameteHaploid or DiploidProcess of Formation
EggGameteHaploid (n)Meiosis
ZygoteNeither (first cell of new organism)Diploid (2n)Fertilization
Body CellSomaticDiploid (2n)Mitosis
Organism/CellDiploid (2n) #Haploid (n) #
A sperm from a Western Clawed frog has 10 chromosomes2010
A pollen grain (sperm) of a tomato plant has 12 chromosomes2412
A wing cell of a Gypsy moth has 62 Chromosomes6231
A Polar bear skin cell has 74 chromosomes.7437
The egg of a Walking Catfish has 52 Chromosomes10452
  1. The arrow between the egg and the zygote represents fertilization.
  2. The arrow between the zygote and body cell represents mitosis.
  3. Offspring inherit half of their DNA from their mother and half of their DNA from their father because sperm and egg are haploid cells, each contributing one - set of chromosomes to the zygote during fertilization.