Question

1. hierarchy : leader :: (a) pyramid : apex (b) earth : equator (c) sphere : circle (d) nation : flag 10. buffoon : seriousness :: (a) sprinter : speed (b) invalid : health (c) scientist : knowledge (d) plant : sunshine

Explanation:

For the first analogy "HIERARCHY : LEADER", a hierarchy is a system with a leader at a higher - level position. Similarly, the earth has an equator which is a significant feature related to it. In option (a), a pyramid and apex have a different relationship structure. In option (c), a sphere is a 3 - D shape and a circle is a 2 - D shape, not a part - whole relationship like the given pair. In option (d), a nation and flag are symbol - entity related, not a part - whole or hierarchical relationship.
For the second analogy "BUFFOON : SERIOUSNESS", a buffoon lacks seriousness. An invalid lacks health. In option (a), a sprinter is associated with speed. In option (c), a scientist is associated with knowledge. In option (d), a plant needs sunshine.

Answer:

1. (b) earth : equator
2. (b) invalid : health