Question

how do third parties alter the normal election process?
by undermining democratic norms and values
by destabilizing the elected government
by stirring up new and different topics for debate

Explanation:

Third - party candidates or parties in an election often bring in new ideas and issues that are not typically part of the mainstream two - party (in a two - party dominant system) debate. They can introduce new topics to the electoral discourse. Undermining democratic norms is not a typical or primary way third parties act in elections, and destabilizing the elected government is not a direct way they alter the election process (as the election process is about the selection of government, not the post - election stability of an already elected government). So the correct option is the one about stirring up new and different topics for debate.

Answer:

by stirring up new and different topics for debate