Question

how does the tilt of the earths axis affect the seasons?
by changing the amount of direct solar energy reaching the surface of earth
by influencing the rate of chemical reactions occurring in the atmosphere
by reflecting the harmful rays of radiation emitted by the sun
by changing the speed of the rotation of earth

Explanation:

The tilt of Earth's axis affects seasons by changing the amount of direct solar energy reaching Earth's surface. When a hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, it receives more direct sunlight and has summer, while the opposite hemisphere has winter. Chemical reactions in the atmosphere or sun are not the main factor, nor is reflecting harmful rays or changing rotation speed.

Answer:

By changing the amount of direct solar energy reaching the surface of Earth.