Question

Question was provided via image upload.

Explanation:

• Option A: Joules measure energy, not matter. So A is incorrect.
• Option B: By definition, matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). This is a fundamental characteristic of matter.
• Option C: According to the law of conservation of mass, matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, only rearranged. So C is incorrect.
• Option D: Matter and energy are related but distinct. Matter is not a form of energy, though mass can be converted to energy (and vice versa) via $E = mc^2$, but matter itself is not energy. So D is incorrect.

Answer:

B. Matter takes up space and has mass.