Question

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Explanation:

For the first question: A variable is a factor that can vary and be measured/observed. "Where students sit" is a factor that can change and is being tested for its effect on grades, fitting the definition of a variable. A hypothesis is the prediction itself, a law is a proven universal principle, and a theory is a well-supported broad explanation, none of which match this term.
For the second question: In scientific terms, a theory is a well-supported, evidence-based explanation of phenomena. In everyday use, people call a casual guess or prediction a "theory," which is actually the scientific definition of a hypothesis. This means nonscientists mix up the definitions of theory and hypothesis.

Answer:

1. variable.
2. have confused the definitions of "theory" and "hypothesis."