Question

identifying steps for heating the troposphere
use the dropdown menus to complete the paragraph about how the troposphere is heated.
electromagnetic waves heat earth’s surface through radiation. earth’s surface warms the air directly above it through conduction. the warm air then rises, which transfers thermal energy through convection. this air then cools and sinks, which forms a convection
current
radiation
x wave
conduction

Explanation:

1. Electromagnetic waves transfer heat to Earth's surface via radiation, as this is heat transfer through space without a medium.
2. The warm Earth's surface transfers heat directly to the air in contact with it via conduction, which is heat transfer through direct physical contact.
3. Warm, less dense air rises, and cool, denser air sinks, transferring heat via convection, which is heat transfer by movement of a fluid (air, in this case).
4. The cyclic rising and sinking of air forms a convection current, the standard term for this cyclic fluid motion driven by temperature differences.

Answer:

1. radiation
2. conduction
3. convection
4. current