Question

1. an insertion or deletion can result in a frameshift mutation. to demonstrate this, complete the following. note: you will need a codon chart. normal strand: dna: gca atg cac mrna: ____ amino acids: ____

Explanation:

Step1: Transcribe DNA to mRNA

DNA bases are G, C, A, T. mRNA uses U instead of T. So for each DNA codon:

• GCA (DNA) → CGU (mRNA, since G↔C, C↔G, A↔U)
• ATG (DNA) → UAC (mRNA, A↔U, T↔A, G↔C)
• CAC (DNA) → GUG (mRNA, C↔G, A↔U, C↔G)

So mRNA sequence: CGU UAC GUG

Step2: Translate mRNA to amino acids (using codon chart)

• CGU: Arginine (Arg)
• UAC: Tyrosine (Tyr)
• GUG: Valine (Val)

Answer:

mRNA: CGU UAC GUG
Amino Acids: Arginine, Tyrosine, Valine