7. involved in portal circulation
8. blood returns from the head and neck
9. blood from small intestine and colon
10. blood bladder and reproductive organs.
j. fill in the blanks to complete the statements on blood pressure and pulse.
1. the pressure measured as the heart contracts is the systolic pressure; the pressure measured as the heart relaxes is the __________ pressure.
2. pulse measures the alternating __________ and __________ of an artery as blood flows through it.
3. the pulse rate is usually the same as the __________ rate.
k. answer the following questions.
1. what is pulse pressure? why is it important to know pulse pressure?
2. describe the factors that influence blood pressure.
l. the following questions relate to pulse points.
1. take your pulse at the following pulse sites and describe their locations. see textbook figure 14 - 11.
| pulse point | rate | location |
| ---- | ---- | ---- |
| temporal | | |
| carotid | | |
| brachial | | |
| radial | | |
| popliteal | | |
| dorsalis pedis | | |
2. is there a difference in any of your readings?

Question

7. involved in portal circulation
8. blood returns from the head and neck
9. blood from small intestine and colon
10. blood bladder and reproductive organs.
j. fill in the blanks to complete the statements on blood pressure and pulse.
1. the pressure measured as the heart contracts is the systolic pressure; the pressure measured as the heart relaxes is the __________ pressure.
2. pulse measures the alternating __________ and __________ of an artery as blood flows through it.
3. the pulse rate is usually the same as the __________ rate.
k. answer the following questions.
1. what is pulse pressure? why is it important to know pulse pressure?
2. describe the factors that influence blood pressure.
l. the following questions relate to pulse points.
1. take your pulse at the following pulse sites and describe their locations. see textbook figure 14 - 11.
| pulse point | rate | location |
| ---- | ---- | ---- |
| temporal |  |  |
| carotid |  |  |
| brachial |  |  |
| radial |  |  |
| popliteal |  |  |
| dorsalis pedis |  |  |
2. is there a difference in any of your readings?

Accepted Answer

### Section J (Fill in the Blanks)
# Brief Explanations:
1.  Blood pressure has two phases: systolic (heart contraction) and diastolic (heart relaxation).
2.  A pulse is the rhythmic expansion and recoil of an artery caused by blood flow from heart contractions.
3.  Each heart contraction generates a pulse, so pulse rate matches heart rate.
# Answer:
1.  diastolic
2.  expansion; recoil
3.  heart

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### Section K (Short Answer Questions)
# Brief Explanations:
1.  Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It reflects heart function, artery stiffness, and blood flow efficiency, so it helps assess cardiovascular health.
2.  Blood pressure is influenced by cardiac output (heart rate and stroke volume), peripheral resistance (artery diameter, blood viscosity), blood volume, and vessel elasticity.
# Answer:
1.  Pulse pressure is calculated as the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure ($	ext{Pulse Pressure} = 	ext{Systolic Pressure} - 	ext{Diastolic Pressure}$). It is important because it provides insight into cardiovascular health: it reflects the elasticity of arteries, the efficiency of heart contractions, and can signal issues like stiff arteries, heart valve problems, or reduced blood flow to organs.
2.  The main factors influencing blood pressure are:
    - Cardiac output: The volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, determined by heart rate and stroke volume (amount of blood per contraction).
    - Peripheral resistance: The resistance of blood vessels to blood flow, affected by vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length.
    - Blood volume: The total amount of blood in the circulatory system (e.g., dehydration reduces volume and lowers pressure).
    - Vascular elasticity: The ability of arteries to stretch and recoil; stiff arteries increase blood pressure.
    - Hormonal and neural controls: Signals from the nervous system and hormones (like adrenaline, aldosterone) that adjust vessel diameter and heart rate.

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### Section L (Pulse Points)
# Brief Explanations:
1.  Each pulse point corresponds to an artery close to the body's surface. Pulse rates at these sites should be identical in a healthy person.
2.  In a healthy individual, pulse rates across all sites should be the same. Differences may indicate a blockage or reduced blood flow in a vessel.
# Answer:
1.  | Pulse Point       | Rate (healthy adult, resting: 60-100 bpm) | Location                                                                 |
    |-------------------|-------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|
    | Temporal          | 60-100                                    | On the temple, just in front of the ear                                 |
    | Carotid           | 60-100                                    | On the side of the neck, alongside the trachea                          |
    | Brachial          | 60-100                                    | On the inner elbow, midway between the bicep and tricep                 |
    | Radial            | 60-100                                    | On the wrist, thumb side, along the radius bone                         |
    | Popliteal         | 60-100                                    | Behind the knee, deep in the popliteal fossa                            |
    | Dorsalis pedis    | 60-100                                    | On the top of the foot, between the first and second metatarsal bones    |

2.  In a healthy individual, there should be no difference in pulse rate between the different sites. If a difference exists, it may indicate a partial or complete blockage in an artery, reduced blood flow to a specific area, or a cardiovascular issue that impairs consistent blood circulation.

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Section J (Fill in the Blanks)

Answer:

Section K (Short Answer Questions)