key vocabulary
description observe infer interpret
part 1. observation or inference?
directions: read each statement and decide whether it is an observation or an inference. did the person making each statement observe or infer what he or she stated? circle your answers
1. the container is filled to the 350 ml mark with water.
observation inference
2. the sun rose at 6:54 this morning.
observation inference
3. the caterpillar did not eat the moth because it is not a carnivore.
observation inference
4. sound traveled faster through the desk than through the air.
observation inference
5. the plant on the left is growing more because it has been receiving more water.
observation inference
6. when the sun came out, it made the rain stop.
observation inference
7. i can jump high in tennis shoes because they have rubber on the bottom.
observation inference
8. when the power is turned on, the game lights up and plays a song.
observation inference
9. dinosaurs died out when they could not adapt to the changing climate.
observation inference
10. water can fall as precipitation, which may include rain, snow, or hail.
observation inference

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
An observation is a direct statement based on what is seen/measured. The container's water level at 350 mL is a measurable fact, so it's an observation.
# Answer:
observation

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
Stating the time the Sun rose is a direct observation of a natural event that can be seen/recorded, so it's an observation.
# Answer:
observation

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
This statement explains why the caterpillar didn't eat the moth (using the fact it's not a carnivore), which is a conclusion drawn, not a direct observation. So it's an inference.
# Answer:
inference

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
The statement about sound traveling faster through the desk than air is a conclusion based on scientific principles or experiments, not a direct observation (you can't see sound speed), so it's an inference? Wait, no—if it's from a measurement (like an experiment where speed was measured), but the wording here: actually, if it's a statement of a result from observation (like measuring), but typically, "sound travels faster in solids" is a known fact, but the statement here is a claim about a specific desk and air. Wait, no—maybe the original problem's circled answer was wrong? Wait, no, the user's image shows "observation" circled? Wait, no, let's re - check. The key: observation is what you can see/measure directly. Sound speed through desk and air—you can measure it (e.g., with equipment), so if it's a measured result, it's an observation. But usually, the concept: an observation is direct sensory or measurable. So if the statement is a result of measuring (like in an experiment), it's an observation. So the answer is observation.
# Answer:
observation

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
The statement explains the plant's growth by citing water, which is a conclusion (inference) about the cause, not a direct observation of the growth cause (you can't see the "more water" causing it directly, you infer it). So it's an inference.
# Answer:
inference

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
Saying the Sun coming out made the rain stop is a conclusion about causation, not a direct observation (you see Sun and rain stop, but infer the causation), so it's an inference.
# Answer:
inference

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
The statement explains jumping high in tennis shoes by the rubber on the bottom, which is an inference (conclusion about the cause), not a direct observation. So it's an inference.
# Answer:
inference

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
Stating what happens when power is turned on (game lights up, plays song) is a direct observation of what is seen/heard, so it's an observation.
# Answer:
observation

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
The statement about dinosaurs dying out due to climate adaptation is a conclusion (inference) based on evidence, not a direct observation (dinosaurs are extinct, so we infer the cause). So it's an inference.
# Answer:
inference

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
Stating that water falls as precipitation (with examples) is a statement of a known fact, which is a direct observation - like description of a natural phenomenon (you can observe rain, snow, hail as precipitation). So it's an observation.
# Answer:
observation

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