Question

lesson 4, continued
class
date
as you read this lesson, complete the chart by explaining how peter the great solved each problem he encountered in his efforts to westernize russia.

problems

1. russian people did not believe that change was necessary.
2. the russian orthodox church was too strong.
3. the great landowners had too much power.
4. the russian army was untrained and its tactics and weapons outdated.
5. russian society had to change to compete with the modern states of europe.
6. to promote education and growth, russia needed a seaport for travel to the west.
7. the port needed to be built.
8. the new city needed to be settled.

solutions
handwritten text for problem 1: he forced his subjects to adopt to western ways, including dress, customs, education.
handwritten text for problem 2: he made the orthodox church under his control. he reduced the power of nobles.
blank for problem 3
blank for problem 4
blank for problem 5
blank for problem 6
blank for problem 7
blank for problem 8

© houghton mifflin harcourt publishing company

Explanation:

Each solution is based on Peter the Great's documented policies to westernize Russia:

1. For resistant Russians, he enforced top-down cultural and educational westernization.
2. To curb the Church's power, he placed it under state control and reduced noble influence.
3. To limit landowner power, he tied nobles to state service (military or bureaucratic) and created a Table of Ranks, making status dependent on service, not birth.
4. To modernize the army, he introduced conscription, adopted Western military tactics, and imported/modernized weapons; he also built a professional navy.
5. To compete with Europe, he implemented sweeping reforms: westernized military, administration, culture, and pushed industrial and educational modernization.
6. To gain a warm-water seaport to the West, he fought the Great Northern War against Sweden to secure access to the Baltic Sea.
7. To build the port, he oversaw the construction of St. Petersburg on the captured Baltic lands, using forced labor.
8. To settle the new city, he forced nobles, artisans, and workers to relocate to St. Petersburg, making it Russia's new capital.

Answer:

Problems	Solutions
2. The Russian Orthodox Church was too strong.	He made the Orthodox Church under his control. He reduced the power of nobles.
3. The great landowners had too much power.	He created a Table of Ranks, tying noble status to state military/bureaucratic service, and forced nobles to serve the state.
4. The Russian army was untrained and its tactics and weapons outdated.	He introduced conscription, adopted Western military tactics, modernized weapons, and built a professional navy.
5. Russian society had to change to compete with the modern states of Europe.	He implemented sweeping westernization reforms: modernizing the military, bureaucracy, education, and promoting Western culture and industry.
6. To promote education and growth, Russia needed a seaport for travel to the West.	He fought the Great Northern War against Sweden to gain a warm-water Baltic seaport.
7. The port needed to be built.	He oversaw the construction of the port city of St. Petersburg on captured Baltic territory, using forced labor.
8. The new city needed to be settled.	He forced nobles, artisans, and laborers to relocate to St. Petersburg, and made it Russia's new capital.