Question

1. the major class of biological molecules that are not polymers

lipids

1. linkages between the monomers of proteins

peptide bonds

1. a secondary structure of proteins

alpha helix

1. a structural carbohydrate found in plants

cellulose

1. hydrolysis is involved in which of the following?

(a) formation of starch, a polysaccharide, from monomers of glucose
(b) hydrogen bond formation between nitrogen bases of nucleic acids
(c) peptide bond formation between amino acids to form a protein
(d) the digestion of sucrose, a disaccharide, to its monomers of glucose and fructose

1. the process by which protein conformation is lost or broken down is

(a) dehydration synthesis.
(b) translation.
(c) denaturation.
(d) hydrolysis.

1. an organic compound that is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio is known as a

(a) lipid.
(b) carbohydrate.
(c) protein.
(d) nucleic acid.

1. which of the macromolecules below could form structural parts of the cell, be enzymes, or be involved in cell movement or communication?

(a) nucleic acids
(b) proteins
(c) lipids
(d) carbohydrates

1. the plasma membrane is composed of several different macromolecules. which macromolecule serves as the fluid interface between the intracellular and extracellular environments?

(a) proteins
(b) phospholipids
(c) carbohydrates
(d) cholesterol

1. the partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to a partial positive charge of another water molecule. what is this type of attraction called?

(a) a polar covalent bond
(b) an ionic bond
(c) a hydration shell
(d) a hydrogen bond

1. polymers of carbohydrates and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by which of the following processes?

(a) the joining of monosaccharides
(b) hydrolysis
(c) dehydration reactions
(d) ionic bonding of monomers

1. if the ph of a solution is decreased from 7 to 6, it means that the concentration of

(a) h+ has decreased to 1/10 of what it was at ph 7.
(b) h+ has increased to 10 times what it was at ph 7.
(c) oh- has increased to 10 times what it was at ph 7.
(d) oh- has increased to 1/7 of what it was at ph 7.

1. recall the structure of a typical amino acid and how the molecule has two distinct “ends.” which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

(a) amine and sulfhydryl
(b) hydroxyl and carboxyl
(c) carboxyl and amine
(d) phosphate group and nitrogenous base

Explanation:

1. Hydrolysis breaks down polymers into monomers. Sucrose digestion to glucose and fructose is an example of hydrolysis.
2. Denaturation is the process of losing protein conformation.
3. Carbohydrates have a carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ratio of 1:2:1.
4. Proteins can form cell structures, act as enzymes, and be involved in cell - movement and communication.
5. Phospholipids form the fluid interface of the plasma membrane between intracellular and extracellular environments.
6. The attraction between partial charges of water molecules is a hydrogen bond.
7. Polymers of carbohydrates and proteins are synthesized from monomers by dehydration reactions.
8. A decrease in pH from 7 means an increase in H⁺ concentration by 10 - fold.
9. Amino acids always have a carboxyl and an amine functional group.

Answer:

1. D. the digestion of sucrose, a disaccharide to its monomers of glucose and fructose
2. C. denaturation
3. B. carbohydrate
4. B. proteins
5. B. phospholipids
6. D. a hydrogen bond
7. C. dehydration reactions
8. B. H⁺ has increased to 10 times what it was at pH 7.
9. C. carboxyl and amine