Question

1. the median/midsagital plane divides the body into :
2. explain what someone in the anatomical position looks like:
3. where is articular cartilage found?
4. list the 5 functions of the skeletal system:
5. list and give an example of the 6 synovial joints.
6. list the 5 types of bones and provide an example from the human body for each.
7. define a muscle strain and give differentiate the difference between the 3 grades of a muscle strain.

Explanation:

1. The median/midsagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves.
2. In the anatomical position, a person stands upright, feet together, arms at sides with palms facing forward, and eyes looking forward.
3. Articular cartilage is found covering the ends of bones in synovial joints to reduce friction and absorb shock.
4. The 5 functions of the skeletal system are support (holding up the body), protection (protecting internal organs like the brain by the skull), movement (serving as attachment points for muscles), mineral storage (storing calcium and phosphorus), and blood cell production (hematopoiesis in red bone marrow).
5. The 6 synovial joints are:

• Hinge joint (e.g., elbow joint allowing flexion and extension).
• Ball - and - socket joint (e.g., shoulder joint allowing multi - directional movement).
• Pivot joint (e.g., atlanto - axial joint in the neck allowing head rotation).
• Condyloid joint (e.g., metacarpophalangeal joints of fingers allowing flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction).
• Saddle joint (e.g., carpometacarpal joint of the thumb allowing a wide range of movement).
• Gliding joint (e.g., intercarpal joints in the wrist allowing sliding movements).

1. The 5 types of bones and examples:

• Long bones (e.g., femur in the thigh).
• Short bones (e.g., carpals in the wrist).
• Flat bones (e.g., sternum in the chest).
• Irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae in the spine).
• Sesamoid bones (e.g., patella in the knee).

1. A muscle strain is an injury to a muscle or a tendon caused by overstretching or tearing. Grade 1 strain is a mild overstretch with some muscle fiber damage and mild pain and swelling. Grade 2 strain involves a partial tear of the muscle fibers, more significant pain, swelling, and loss of strength. Grade 3 strain is a complete tear of the muscle, with severe pain, significant swelling, and complete loss of function.

Answer:

1. Left and right halves.
2. Stands upright, feet together, arms at sides with palms forward, eyes forward.
3. Covering the ends of bones in synovial joints.
4. Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production.
5. Hinge joint (elbow), Ball - and - socket joint (shoulder), Pivot joint (atlanto - axial), Condyloid joint (metacarpophalangeal), Saddle joint (carpometacarpal of thumb), Gliding joint (intercarpal).
6. Long bones (femur), Short bones (carpals), Flat bones (sternum), Irregular bones (vertebrae), Sesamoid bones (patella).
7. A muscle strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon from overstretching/tearing. Grade 1: mild overstretch, some fiber damage, mild pain/swelling. Grade 2: partial tear, more pain, swelling, strength loss. Grade 3: complete tear, severe pain, significant swelling, loss of function.