Question

model 2 - hydrolysis of atp

1. model 2 illustrates a chemical reaction. write the reaction as an equation, using the name or abbreviation of each of the two reactants and each of the three products.
2. consider the structural formulas of atp, adp, and phosphate in model 2 carefully. what happens to the atoms from the water molecule during the hydrolysis of atp?
3. the word hydrolysis has two roots, hydro and lysis. describe how this term relates to the chemical reaction illustrated in model 2.
4. refer to model 2.

a. does the hydrolysis of atp result in a net output, or a net input of energy?
b. which molecule, atp or adp, has a higher potential energy? explain your reasoning.

Explanation:

Step1: Identify reactants and products for question 3

ATP and water are reactants; ADP, inorganic - phosphate (Pi), and energy are products. The reaction equation is: ATP + H₂O → ADP + Pi+ Energy.

Step2: Analyze water - atom fate for question 4

During ATP hydrolysis, the hydrogen and oxygen atoms from the water molecule are incorporated into the products. The hydrogen atom is likely added to the ADP molecule and the oxygen is part of the inorganic phosphate.

Step3: Explain the term 'hydrolysis' for question 5

The root 'hydro' means water and 'lysis' means to break. In the ATP hydrolysis reaction, a water molecule is used to break the high - energy bond in ATP, resulting in the formation of ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Step4: Determine energy output/input for question 6a

The hydrolysis of ATP results in a net output of energy. This is because the high - energy phosphate bond in ATP is broken, releasing energy that can be used for cellular processes.

Step5: Compare potential energy for question 6b

ATP has a higher potential energy. ATP has three phosphate groups, and the bonds between the phosphate groups are high - energy bonds. When one phosphate group is removed during hydrolysis to form ADP, energy is released, indicating that ATP had more potential energy to begin with.

Answer:

1. ATP + H₂O → ADP + Pi + Energy
2. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms from water are incorporated into ADP and inorganic phosphate.
3. 'Hydro' means water and 'lysis' means to break. Water is used to break the high - energy bond in ATP.
4. a. Net output of energy.

b. ATP has higher potential energy as it has high - energy phosphate bonds that release energy when broken to form ADP.