Question

1 multiple answer 1 point
the enteral routes of administration, which involve some portion of the gi tract, include all of the following routes except: (select two answers.)
sublingual
ocular
nasal
rectal
oral
2 multiple answer 1 point
drugs administered by which of the following routes may be metabolized in the liver before entering the systemic circulation? (select two answers.)
transdermal
inhalation
rectal
oral

Explanation:

Question 1:

Enteral routes involve the GI tract. Sublingual (under tongue, not GI tract), ocular (eye, not GI), nasal (nose, not GI) are non - enteral. Rectal and oral are enteral. So the non - enteral (except) routes are sublingual, ocular, nasal. But we need to select two. Sublingual, ocular, nasal are not enteral. Rectal (involves lower GI) and oral (involves GI) are enteral. So the answers are the ones not involving GI. So sublingual, ocular, nasal are exceptions. But as per the options, sublingual, ocular, nasal are non - enteral. So two of them: sublingual, ocular (or sublingual, nasal; or ocular, nasal).

Oral drugs go through the GI tract, are absorbed into the portal vein and go to the liver (first - pass metabolism). Rectal drugs, some can also go to the liver (if absorbed into the portal circulation). Transdermal (through skin, bypasses liver) and inhalation (directly to blood, bypasses liver) do not go to the liver first. So oral and rectal are the routes where drugs may be metabolized in the liver before systemic circulation.

Answer:

A. sublingual, B. ocular (or other combinations like A. sublingual, C. nasal; B. ocular, C. nasal)

Question 2: