Question

a. multiple choice. encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. which of these phrases best describes the kidneys main function?

a. digestion of food
b. transmission of messages
c. delivery of oxygen to cells
d. filtering of substances from blood

1. in order for the nutrients to be taken in by the body, digestion must be followed by

a. absorption
b. assimilation
c. excretion
d. filtration

1. which is the pathway of urine?

a. urinary bladder → kidney → ureter → urethra
b. urinary bladder → ureter → urethra → prostate gland
c. kidney → ureter → urinary bladder → prostate gland → urethra
d. glomerulus → renal tubule → ureter → urinary bladder → urethra

1. inorganic elements that cannot be synthesized by the body are called

a. electrolytes
b. essential amino acids
c. minerals
d. vitamins

1. which of the following statements about urine is not true?

a. it carries nutrients to body cells.
b. it contains substances harmful to your body.
c. it is produced by both kidneys at the same time.
d. it contains substances that may form pebble - sized renal calculus.

1. complex carbohydrates, such as _, stimulate peristalsis and facilitates the passage of food that travels in the gut.

a. fats
b. fibers
c. lipids
d. minerals

Explanation:

1. The kidneys' main function is filtering substances from blood. Digestive organs handle food digestion, nerves handle message - transmission, and the respiratory and circulatory systems handle oxygen delivery.
2. After digestion, nutrients are absorbed into the body. Assimilation is the incorporation of absorbed nutrients, excretion is waste removal, and filtration is part of kidney function.
3. Urine is formed in the kidneys, then travels through the ureters to the urinary bladder and out through the urethra. The glomerulus and renal tubule are parts of the nephron where urine formation starts.
4. Minerals are inorganic elements that the body cannot synthesize. Electrolytes are charged minerals in solution, essential amino acids are organic, and vitamins are organic compounds.
5. Urine does not carry nutrients to body cells. It contains waste substances that can be harmful, is produced by both kidneys simultaneously, and can contain substances that form kidney stones.
6. Fibers, which are complex carbohydrates, stimulate peristalsis and aid in food passage in the gut. Fats and lipids are not complex carbohydrates, and minerals do not have this function.

Answer:

1. d. filtering of substances from blood
2. a. absorption
3. d. glomerulus → renal tubule → ureter → urinary bladder → urethra
4. c. minerals
5. a. It carries nutrients to body cells.
6. b. fibers