Question

multiple choice question
after many crusades, by the end of the 1200s c.e.

muslims had not only retaken territory lost during the first crusade, they also conquered territory in spain and fr
muslims had recaptured all the territory conquered by europeans during the crusades.
the only muslim states still controlled by europeans were antioch and edessa in asia minor.
europeans had driven muslims out of north africa, though muslims retained control of jerusalem.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Option 1: Muslims didn't conquer new territory in Spain and France by the end of the 1200s (Spain's Reconquista was ongoing, and France was never Muslim - controlled in this context).
• Option 2: By the end of the 1200s, Muslims had recaptured most territories Europeans took during the Crusades, including Jerusalem (by Saladin and later Muslim rulers), and the Crusader states were reduced.
• Option 3: Antioch and Edessa were lost by Europeans earlier (Edessa fell in 1144, Antioch had limited control later, so this is incorrect).
• Option 4: Europeans didn't drive Muslims out of North Africa; North Africa remained Muslim - controlled, and Jerusalem was recaptured by Muslims, so this is incorrect.

Answer:

B. Muslims had recaptured all the territory conquered by Europeans during the crusades.