Question

multiple choice question
an ecosystem that is undergoing primary succession has mostly lichens, ferns, and mosses growing on it. what stage of primary succession is this ecosystem likely in?
○ climax community
○ any stage of succession
○ intermediate successional stage
○ early successional stage

Explanation:

Primary succession begins on barren, lifeless substrates. Lichens, mosses, and ferns are pioneer species that colonize these harsh environments first, marking the initial phase of succession. Climax communities are stable and mature, while intermediate stages have more complex vegetation, so these species are not characteristic of those later phases.

Answer:

O early successional stage