Question

name aaron canestrano gr period review 20 questions about matter basic facts 1. what are the four states of matter? 2. what are the three modes of internal energy storage in matter? vibration, rotation, translation 3. what is the only mode of internal energy storage available to atoms in the solid phase? vibration 4. what are the four exothermic processes for changing the state of matter? 5. what are the four endothermic processes for changing the state of matter? 6. discuss the similarities and differences of the processes of evaporation and vaporization. 7. discuss the similarities and differences of the gas phase and plasma phase. 8. discuss the similarities and differences of a state of matter and a phase of matter. 9. what is a simple definition of a fluid? 10. which state of matter has an undefined shape, but a defined volume? 11. which state of matter has an undefined shape and undefined volume? 12. which state of matter has a defined shape and defined volume? 13. which state of matter is ionized? 14. what is the name of the process that describes the formation of a plasma from a gas? 15. what is the name of the process that describes the formation of a gas from a plasma? 16. name some everyday examples of the state of matter called plasma. 17. what temperature is absolute zero? 18. describe the behavior of matter at absolute zero. 19. what distinguishes a mixture from pure substance? (flow chart) 20. give two examples of composites.

Explanation:

1. The four states of matter are solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
2. The three modes of internal - energy storage in matter are vibration, rotation, and translation. In solids, only vibration is available as atoms are closely packed.
3. Exothermic processes for changing the state of matter are condensation, freezing, deposition, and solid - state cooling.
4. Endothermic processes for changing the state of matter are melting, vaporization, sublimation, and heating of a solid.
5. Evaporation is a surface - level vaporization that occurs at temperatures below the boiling point, while vaporization can be evaporation or boiling (bulk - level).
6. Both gas and plasma are fluids with no definite shape. Plasma is ionized gas with charged particles.
7. A state of matter (solid, liquid, gas, plasma) is a broad classification, while a phase can refer to different forms within a state (e.g., different crystal phases in solids).
8. A fluid is a substance that can flow and conform to the shape of its container.
9. A liquid has an undefined shape but a defined volume.
10. A gas has an undefined shape and undefined volume.
11. A solid has a defined shape and defined volume.
12. Plasma is the ionized state of matter.
13. Ionization is the process of forming plasma from a gas.
14. Recombination is the process of forming a gas from plasma.
15. Examples of plasma include lightning, neon signs, and the Sun's corona.
16. Absolute zero is 0 Kelvin or - 273.15°C.
17. At absolute zero, matter has minimum internal energy, and atomic motion is at a minimum (theoretically, atoms stop vibrating).
18. A pure substance has a fixed composition and distinct properties, while a mixture has a variable composition and its components retain their individual properties.
19. Composites are materials made from two or more different substances. Examples include fiberglass (glass fibers in a polymer matrix) and concrete (cement, sand, gravel).

Answer:

1. Solid, liquid, gas, plasma
2. Vibration, rotation, translation; Vibration
3. Condensation, freezing, deposition, solid - state cooling
4. Melting, vaporization, sublimation, heating of a solid
5. Evaporation is surface - level vaporization below boiling point; Vaporization includes evaporation and boiling
6. Both are fluids; Plasma is ionized gas
7. State is a broad classification; Phase can be different forms within a state
8. A substance that can flow and conform to container shape
9. Liquid
10. Gas
11. Solid
12. Plasma
13. Ionization
14. Recombination
15. Lightning, neon signs, Sun's corona
16. 0 K or - 273.15°C
17. Minimum internal energy, atomic motion is minimized
18. Pure substance has fixed composition and distinct properties; Mixture has variable composition and components retain properties
19. Fiberglass, concrete