Question

name these organic compounds:

structure	name
(benzene ring with two adjacent ch₃ groups attached)
(benzene ring with a cl atom at the top and a br atom at the bottom)

Explanation:

First Compound (Bromobenzene)

Step1: Identify the parent structure

The parent structure is a benzene ring (aromatic ring with 6 carbon atoms).

Step2: Identify the substituent

The substituent is a bromine atom (Br) attached to the benzene ring.

Step3: Name the compound

When a halogen (Br) is attached to benzene, the compound is named as the halogen - substituted benzene. So, it is bromobenzene.

Second Compound (o - Xylene or 1,2 - Dimethylbenzene)

Step1: Identify the parent structure

The parent structure is a benzene ring.

Step2: Identify the substituents

There are two methyl ($\ce{CH_3}$) groups attached to the benzene ring. The two methyl groups are on adjacent carbon atoms (ortho - position) of the benzene ring.

Step3: Name the compound

For two methyl groups on adjacent carbon atoms of benzene, the common name is o - xylene (ortho - xylene). The IUPAC name is 1,2 - dimethylbenzene.

Third Compound (1 - Bromo - 4 - chlorobenzene or p - Bromochlorobenzene)

Step1: Identify the parent structure

The parent structure is a benzene ring.

Step2: Identify the substituents

The substituents are a bromine (Br) atom and a chlorine (Cl) atom. They are on opposite carbon atoms (para - position) of the benzene ring.

Step3: Name the compound

We number the carbon atoms of the benzene ring. The bromine is at position 1 and chlorine is at position 4. So, the IUPAC name is 1 - bromo - 4 - chlorobenzene. The common name is p - bromochlorobenzene (para - bromochlorobenzene).

Answer:

structure	name
	o - Xylene (or 1,2 - Dimethylbenzene)
	1 - Bromo - 4 - chlorobenzene (or p - Bromochlorobenzene)

(Note: The images in the table are placeholders. In a real - world scenario, the actual chemical structure images would be used. The naming follows the IUPAC nomenclature rules for aromatic compounds, considering the position and type of substituents on the benzene ring.)