Question

the nitrogen group
group #: 5
draw the example atom and make the outermost electron(s) in bold.
family members (by symbol and atomic #): n7, p15, as33, sb51, bi83, mc115
list 5 uses/existences of the members:
1
2
3
4
5
what does this group include that is similar to the carbon group?
what are several properties of the pnictogens?
go to www.periodictable.com and hover over each of the pnictogens. write down 2 or 3 interesting facts about them:
→ color this family dark blue on the blank table
group #: 6
draw the example atom and make the outermost electron(s) in bold.
family members (by symbol and atomic #):
list 5 properties/trends of the members:
1
2
3
4
5
why is oxygen such an important element?
what is an allotrope?
go to www.periodictable.com and hover over each of the chalcogens. write down 2 or 3 interesting facts about them:
→ color this family light green on the blank table

Explanation:

1. Uses/Existences of Nitrogen - group members:

• Nitrogen (N): Essential for life as a component of amino - acids and nucleic acids. Used in the production of ammonia for fertilizers.
• Phosphorus (P): Vital for life, part of DNA, RNA, and ATP. Used in the production of fertilizers.
• Arsenic (As): Historically used in pesticides, now has some applications in semiconductor manufacturing.
• Antimony (Sb): Used in flame - retardants and some alloys.
• Bismuth (Bi): Used in pharmaceuticals (e.g., Pepto - Bismol) and some low - melting alloys.

1. Similarity to carbon group: Both the nitrogen group (Group 15) and the carbon group (Group 14) can form covalent bonds. Elements in both groups can exhibit multiple oxidation states.
2. Properties of Pnictogens:

• They have 5 valence electrons.
• Tend to form covalent compounds.
• Metallic character increases down the group.

1. Interesting facts about Pnictogens (from periodic table website):

• Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere.
• Arsenic compounds have been used in medicine historically.
• Bismuth is the most naturally diamagnetic element.

1. Properties/trends of oxygen - group members (Group 16):

• Have 6 valence electrons.
• Electronegativity decreases down the group.
• Reactivity with metals generally decreases down the group.

1. Importance of oxygen: It is essential for cellular respiration, the process by which cells generate energy. It is also necessary for combustion and is a major component of water.
2. Allotrope: An allotrope is a different form of the same element in the same physical state. For example, oxygen has two common allotropes: dioxygen (O₂) and ozone (O₃), and carbon has allotropes like diamond, graphite, and fullerenes.
3. Interesting facts about Chalcogens (from periodic table website):

• Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust.
• Sulfur has many allotropes and is used in the production of sulfuric acid.

Answer:

1. Uses/Existences of Nitrogen - group members:

• N: Essential for life, used in ammonia production for fertilizers.
• P: Vital for life, used in fertilizers.
• As: Used in semiconductor manufacturing, historically in pesticides.
• Sb: Used in flame - retardants, alloys.
• Bi: Used in pharmaceuticals, low - melting alloys.

1. Similarity to carbon group: Can form covalent bonds, exhibit multiple oxidation states.
2. Properties of Pnictogens: 5 valence electrons, form covalent compounds, metallic character increases down the group.
3. Interesting facts about Pnictogens: Nitrogen in atmosphere, arsenic in medicine historically, bismuth is most diamagnetic.
4. Properties/trends of oxygen - group members: 6 valence electrons, electronegativity decreases down the group, reactivity with metals decreases down the group.
5. Importance of oxygen: Essential for cellular respiration, combustion, component of water.
6. Allotrope: Different form of same element in same physical state (e.g., O₂ and O₃ for oxygen).
7. Interesting facts about Chalcogens: Oxygen most abundant in crust, sulfur used in sulfuric acid production.