one of the first issues the confederation faced had to do with the the northwest territory, lands west of the appalachians, where many people settled after the revolutionary war. to help govern these lands, congress passed the land ordinance of 1785, which established a plan for surveying the land. (see geography spotlight on page 72.) in the northwest ordinance of 1787, congress provided a procedure for dividing the land into no fewer than three and no more than five states. the ordinance also set requirements for the admission of new states, which, however, overlooked native american land claims.

the land ordinance of 1785 and the northwest ordinance of 1787 became the confederation’s most significant achievements. overshadowing such successes, however, were the confederation’s many problems. the most serious problem was that each state functioned independently by pursuing its own interests rather than considering those of the nation as a whole. the government had no means of raising money or enforcing its laws. moreover, there was no national court system to settle legal disputes. the articles of confederation created a weak central government and little unity among the states.

shays’s rebellion the need for a stronger central government became obvious in 1786 when many farmers in western massachusetts rose up in protest over increased state taxes. the farmers’ discontent boiled over into mob action in january of 1787 when daniel shays, a fellow farmer, led an army of 1,200 farmers toward the arsenal at springfield, massachusetts. state officials hurriedly called out the militia to head off the army of farmers, killing four of the rebels and scattering the rest.

shays’s rebellion, as the farmers’ protest came to be called, caused panic and dismay throughout the nation. it was clearly time to talk about a stronger national government. because the states had placed such severe limits on the government to prevent abuse of power, the government was unable to solve many of the nation’s problems. news of the rebellion spread throughout the states. the revolt persuaded twelve states to send delegates to a convention called by congress in philadelphia in may of 1787.

sidebar text: to agree to pass important laws. • articles could be amended only if all states approved. • there was no executive branch to enforce laws of congress. • there was no national court system to settle legal disputes. • there were thirteen separate states that lacked national unity.

left margin questions: main idea contrasting what was the difference between the land ordinance of 1785 and the northwest ordinance of 1787? main idea making inferences why do you think news of shays’s rebellion made leaders eager to reconsider the articles of confederation?

Question

one of the first issues the confederation faced had to do with the the northwest territory, lands west of the appalachians, where many people settled after the revolutionary war. to help govern these lands, congress passed the land ordinance of 1785, which established a plan for surveying the land. (see geography spotlight on page 72.) in the northwest ordinance of 1787, congress provided a procedure for dividing the land into no fewer than three and no more than five states. the ordinance also set requirements for the admission of new states, which, however, overlooked native american land claims.

the land ordinance of 1785 and the northwest ordinance of 1787 became the confederation’s most significant achievements. overshadowing such successes, however, were the confederation’s many problems. the most serious problem was that each state functioned independently by pursuing its own interests rather than considering those of the nation as a whole. the government had no means of raising money or enforcing its laws. moreover, there was no national court system to settle legal disputes. the articles of confederation created a weak central government and little unity among the states.

shays’s rebellion the need for a stronger central government became obvious in 1786 when many farmers in western massachusetts rose up in protest over increased state taxes. the farmers’ discontent boiled over into mob action in january of 1787 when daniel shays, a fellow farmer, led an army of 1,200 farmers toward the arsenal at springfield, massachusetts. state officials hurriedly called out the militia to head off the army of farmers, killing four of the rebels and scattering the rest.

shays’s rebellion, as the farmers’ protest came to be called, caused panic and dismay throughout the nation. it was clearly time to talk about a stronger national government. because the states had placed such severe limits on the government to prevent abuse of power, the government was unable to solve many of the nation’s problems. news of the rebellion spread throughout the states. the revolt persuaded twelve states to send delegates to a convention called by congress in philadelphia in may of 1787.

sidebar text: to agree to pass important laws. • articles could be amended only if all states approved. • there was no executive branch to enforce laws of congress. • there was no national court system to settle legal disputes. • there were thirteen separate states that lacked national unity.

left margin questions: main idea contrasting what was the difference between the land ordinance of 1785 and the northwest ordinance of 1787? main idea making inferences why do you think news of shays’s rebellion made leaders eager to reconsider the articles of confederation?

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