Question

open - ended questions: answer the following questions in complete sentences. 11. explain how changing the mass of an object affects its acceleration if the force stays the same. 12. give a real - life example of newton’s second law in action and explain how force, mass, and acceleration are involved. 13. describe what would happen to the acceleration of a soccer ball if you kicked it with more force, but its mass stayed the same.

Explanation:

1. According to Newton's Second Law $F = ma$ (where $F$ is force, $m$ is mass, and $a$ is acceleration), when $F$ is constant, $a=\frac{F}{m}$. So, as the mass $m$ increases, the acceleration $a$ decreases, and vice - versa.
2. For example, when pushing a car and a bicycle with the same force. The car has a larger mass, so it has less acceleration compared to the bicycle. Here, the force applied by the pusher is the external force, the mass of the vehicle is the object's mass, and the rate at which the vehicle starts moving or speeds up is the acceleration.
3. From Newton's Second Law $F = ma$, if the mass $m$ of the soccer ball is constant and the force $F$ applied to it increases, then according to the formula $a=\frac{F}{m}$, the acceleration $a$ of the soccer ball will increase.

Answer:

1. When the force is constant, an increase in mass leads to a decrease in acceleration and a decrease in mass leads to an increase in acceleration as per $a = \frac{F}{m}$.
2. Pushing a car and a bicycle with the same force. The car has more mass and less acceleration than the bicycle. Force is the push, mass is of the vehicle, and acceleration is how quickly it moves.
3. The acceleration of the soccer ball will increase since $a=\frac{F}{m}$ and $m$ is constant while $F$ increases.