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part 2 relative dating questions: type your answers in the gray boxes 1…

Question

part 2 relative dating
questions: type your answers in the gray boxes

  1. list the order of events

trom youngest (newest) to oldest.

  1. first happening? (what happened)

originally layers b, a, z, y, and x were all...

  1. how do you know that layer z is older

than the igneous intrusion m?

  1. if there was a fossil of a dinosaur bone

in layer z, and a dinosaur fossil in
layer b, which would be older?

  1. if there were fossils in layer x, what would you

know about their relative age? (be specific)

Explanation:

Response
1. Order of Events (Newest to Oldest)

To determine the order, we use the principles of relative dating (superposition, cross - cutting relationships). The youngest layers are on top, and cross - cutting features are younger than the layers they cut.

  • Newest: Layer R (topmost sedimentary layer)
  • Then: Layer J (above the disturbed layers)
  • Then: Igneous intrusion M (cross - cuts the lower sedimentary layers, so younger than them)
  • Then: Layer N (sedimentary layer, cut by M)
  • Then: Layer Z (sedimentary layer, cut by M)
  • Then: Layer I (sedimentary layer, cut by M)
  • Then: Layer S (sedimentary layer, cut by M)
  • Then: Layer X (lowest sedimentary layer, originally deposited first)
  • Oldest: The initial deposition of the original sedimentary layers (before intrusion and top layers)
2. First Event

The first event was the deposition of the original sedimentary layers (Layers B, A, Z, S, and X as per the question, but from the diagram, it's the lowest sedimentary layers like X, S, I, Z, N before intrusion and top layers). So the first event was the deposition of the original sedimentary layers (Layers X, S, I, Z, N in the diagram's lower part) in horizontal layers (principle of original horizontality).

3. Why Layer Z is Older than Intrusion M

Using the principle of cross - cutting relationships: the igneous intrusion M cuts through Layer Z. A cross - cutting feature (like an intrusion) is younger than the rock layers it cuts. So since M cuts Z, Z must have been deposited (and thus is older) before M intruded.

4. Older Fossil (Z or B)

Fossils in Layer Z and Layer B: Layer Z is lower (older) than the layers above it, and Layer B (from the diagram's label, but in the question's context, if Layer B is above Z, no—wait, from the diagram, Layer Z is a lower sedimentary layer, and if Layer B is a mislabel, but assuming Layer B is above Z, no, in the diagram, Z is lower. Wait, the question says "fossil of a dinosaur bone in layer Z, and a dinosaur fossil in layer B"—if Layer Z is lower (older) than Layer B (if B is above Z), but from the diagram, Z is a lower layer. Wait, no, in the diagram, the layers from bottom (oldest) to top (newest) for the lower sedimentary layers (before intrusion) are X (green), S (red), I (orange), Z (yellow), N (cyan). Then intrusion M (blue) cuts them, then Layer J (gray), then Layer R (brown). So if Layer Z is yellow (lower) and if Layer B is a mislabel, but assuming Layer B is above Z, no—wait, the question might have a typo. But based on cross - cutting, Z is cut by M, and if B is a top layer, Z is older. But the key is: Layer Z is older than intrusion M (as M cuts Z), and if Layer B is a top sedimentary layer (like R or J), then the fossil in Z is older than in B. But strictly, the fossil in Layer Z is older because Layer Z was deposited before the igneous intrusion M, and if Layer B is a younger sedimentary layer (above M and the cut layers), then the fossil in Z is older.

5. Fossils in Layer I

If there are fossils in Layer I, using the principle of superposition and cross - cutting, Layer I is cut by igneous intrusion M. So Layer I is older than M, and younger than the layers below it (S, X) and older than the layers above it (Z, N, M, J, R). So the fossils in Layer I would be older than the igneous intrusion M, older than Layers N, Z, J, R, and younger than Layers S and X. Also, if we can correlate Layer I with other rock layers or use index fossils, we can get a more precise relative age, but from relative dating, we know it's older than M and the top layers, younger than the bottom la…

Answer:

s:

  1. Order (Newest to Oldest): Layer R, Layer J, Igneous Intrusion M, Layer N, Layer Z, Layer I, Layer S, Layer X, Initial deposition of original layers.
  2. First Event: Deposition of the original sedimentary layers (Layers X, S, I, Z, N) in horizontal layers.
  3. Layer Z is older than M because M cross - cuts Z (cross - cutting principle: intrusions are younger than the layers they cut).
  4. The fossil in Layer Z is older (assuming Layer B is younger than Z; if B is mislabeled, but based on Z's position and cross - cutting, Z is older).
  5. Fossils in Layer I are older than Igneous Intrusion M, older than Layers N, Z, J, R, and younger than Layers S and X.