Question

part 2: use lewis dot structures to show the ionic bonding in the following pairs of elements. show transfer of electrons using arrows. write the correct chemical formula for the ionic compound that forms.

1. barium oxide (ba and o)

formula: bao²

1. calcium chloride (ca and cl)

formula: cacl²

1. aluminum oxide (al and o)

formula:

1. sodium oxide (na and o)

formula: nao²

1. sodium nitride (na and n)

formula: na³

1. magnesium phosphide (mg and p)

formula: mg³p²

Explanation:

Step1: Determine ion - charges

For barium oxide (Ba and O): Barium (Ba) is in Group 2, so it loses 2 electrons to form $Ba^{2 + }$. Oxygen (O) is in Group 16, so it gains 2 electrons to form $O^{2-}$. The chemical formula is $BaO$.
For calcium chloride (Ca and Cl): Calcium (Ca) in Group 2 loses 2 electrons to form $Ca^{2+}$. Chlorine (Cl) in Group 17 gains 1 electron to form $Cl^{-}$. Two $Cl^{-}$ ions are needed to balance the charge of one $Ca^{2+}$, so the formula is $CaCl_{2}$.
For aluminum oxide (Al and O): Aluminum (Al) in Group 13 loses 3 electrons to form $Al^{3+}$. Oxygen (O) gains 2 electrons to form $O^{2 - }$. To balance the charges, we need 2 $Al^{3+}$ and 3 $O^{2-}$, so the formula is $Al_{2}O_{3}$.
For sodium oxide (Na and O): Sodium (Na) in Group 1 loses 1 electron to form $Na^{+}$. Oxygen (O) gains 2 electrons to form $O^{2-}$. Two $Na^{+}$ ions are needed to balance the charge of one $O^{2-}$, so the formula is $Na_{2}O$.
For sodium nitride (Na and N): Sodium (Na) loses 1 electron to form $Na^{+}$. Nitrogen (N) in Group 15 gains 3 electrons to form $N^{3-}$. Three $Na^{+}$ ions are needed to balance the charge of one $N^{3-}$, so the formula is $Na_{3}N$.
For magnesium phosphide (Mg and P): Magnesium (Mg) in Group 2 loses 2 electrons to form $Mg^{2+}$. Phosphorus (P) in Group 15 gains 3 electrons to form $P^{3-}$. To balance the charges, we need 3 $Mg^{2+}$ and 2 $P^{3-}$, so the formula is $Mg_{3}P_{2}$.

Answer:

1. Formula: $BaO$
2. Formula: $CaCl_{2}$
3. Formula: $Al_{2}O_{3}$
4. Formula: $Na_{2}O$
5. Formula: $Na_{3}N$
6. Formula: $Mg_{3}P_{2}$