Question

1. passive or active transport (8 points)

cell drinking, liquid materials moving into the cell
\ta. passive
\tb. active
materials moving out of the cell
movement of water through a semi - permeable membrane
pumps ions across membrane from low to high concentration
movement across membrane with help of channel protein
gas crossing across membranes from high to low
materials moving into the cell
cell eating, solid materials moving into the cell

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each process:

1. Cell drinking (pinocytosis), liquid materials into cell

• Pinocytosis is active transport (requires energy to engulf liquid). So: b. active

2. Materials moving out of the cell

• Depends on the process (e.g., exocytosis is active; simple diffusion is passive). But if we assume processes like exocytosis (common for bulk transport out), or if it’s a general “materials out” (e.g., active transport for ions, passive for small molecules). However, since the other options clarify, but for this vague one—if we consider bulk transport (out) as active, or if it’s a mix. Wait, re - evaluate:

Wait, let's re - categorize each:

• Cell drinking (pinocytosis): Active (b)
• Materials moving out: If it’s exocytosis (active, b); if simple diffusion (passive, a). But since the next options have clear ones, maybe this is a typo or needs context. Wait, the original problem’s checkboxes are maybe pre - checked, but we need to assign a or b. Let's do each:

3. Movement of water through semi - permeable membrane (osmosis)

• Osmosis is passive transport (no energy, moves down concentration gradient). So: a. passive

4. Pumps ions from low to high concentration

• Ion pumps (e.g., Na⁺/K⁺ pump) use energy, move against gradient: active transport (b)

5. Movement with channel protein (facilitated diffusion)

• Facilitated diffusion is passive (uses channel, no energy, down gradient): a. passive

6. Gas crossing from high to low (simple diffusion)

• Simple diffusion is passive (no energy, down gradient): a. passive

7. Materials moving into the cell

• Depends: if simple diffusion (a), if endocytosis (b). Vague, but if it’s bulk (like pinocytosis/cell eating, b) or small molecules (a).

8. Cell eating (phagocytosis), solid materials into cell

• Phagocytosis is active transport (requires energy to engulf solids): b. active

Final Answers (matching each process):

1. cell drinking, liquid materials moving into the cell: \(\boldsymbol{\text{b. active}}\)
2. materials moving out of the cell: (Depends on process; if exocytosis, \(\boldsymbol{\text{b. active}}\); if simple diffusion, \(\boldsymbol{\text{a. passive}}\) – but likely intended as active for bulk transport)
3. movement of water through a semi - permeable membrane: \(\boldsymbol{\text{a. passive}}\)
4. pumps ions across membrane from low to high concentration: \(\boldsymbol{\text{b. active}}\)
5. movement across membrane with help of channel protein: \(\boldsymbol{\text{a. passive}}\)
6. gas crossing across membranes from high to low: \(\boldsymbol{\text{a. passive}}\)
7. materials moving into the cell: (If bulk (endocytosis), \(\boldsymbol{\text{b. active}}\); if small molecules, \(\boldsymbol{\text{a. passive}}\))
8. cell eating, solid materials moving into the cell: \(\boldsymbol{\text{b. active}}\)

(Note: For the “materials moving out/in” without specification, the answer depends on the specific transport mechanism, but the clear ones are solved as above.)

Answer:

To solve this, we analyze each process:

1. Cell drinking (pinocytosis), liquid materials into cell

• Pinocytosis is active transport (requires energy to engulf liquid). So: b. active

2. Materials moving out of the cell

• Depends on the process (e.g., exocytosis is active; simple diffusion is passive). But if we assume processes like exocytosis (common for bulk transport out), or if it’s a general “materials out” (e.g., active transport for ions, passive for small molecules). However, since the other options clarify, but for this vague one—if we consider bulk transport (out) as active, or if it’s a mix. Wait, re - evaluate:

Wait, let's re - categorize each:

• Cell drinking (pinocytosis): Active (b)
• Materials moving out: If it’s exocytosis (active, b); if simple diffusion (passive, a). But since the next options have clear ones, maybe this is a typo or needs context. Wait, the original problem’s checkboxes are maybe pre - checked, but we need to assign a or b. Let's do each:

3. Movement of water through semi - permeable membrane (osmosis)

• Osmosis is passive transport (no energy, moves down concentration gradient). So: a. passive

4. Pumps ions from low to high concentration

• Ion pumps (e.g., Na⁺/K⁺ pump) use energy, move against gradient: active transport (b)

5. Movement with channel protein (facilitated diffusion)

• Facilitated diffusion is passive (uses channel, no energy, down gradient): a. passive

6. Gas crossing from high to low (simple diffusion)

• Simple diffusion is passive (no energy, down gradient): a. passive

7. Materials moving into the cell

• Depends: if simple diffusion (a), if endocytosis (b). Vague, but if it’s bulk (like pinocytosis/cell eating, b) or small molecules (a).

8. Cell eating (phagocytosis), solid materials into cell

• Phagocytosis is active transport (requires energy to engulf solids): b. active

Final Answers (matching each process):

1. cell drinking, liquid materials moving into the cell: \(\boldsymbol{\text{b. active}}\)
2. materials moving out of the cell: (Depends on process; if exocytosis, \(\boldsymbol{\text{b. active}}\); if simple diffusion, \(\boldsymbol{\text{a. passive}}\) – but likely intended as active for bulk transport)
3. movement of water through a semi - permeable membrane: \(\boldsymbol{\text{a. passive}}\)
4. pumps ions across membrane from low to high concentration: \(\boldsymbol{\text{b. active}}\)
5. movement across membrane with help of channel protein: \(\boldsymbol{\text{a. passive}}\)
6. gas crossing across membranes from high to low: \(\boldsymbol{\text{a. passive}}\)
7. materials moving into the cell: (If bulk (endocytosis), \(\boldsymbol{\text{b. active}}\); if small molecules, \(\boldsymbol{\text{a. passive}}\))
8. cell eating, solid materials moving into the cell: \(\boldsymbol{\text{b. active}}\)

(Note: For the “materials moving out/in” without specification, the answer depends on the specific transport mechanism, but the clear ones are solved as above.)