Question

1 population dynamics
review vocabulary
population

new vocabulary
population density
dispersion
density - independent factor
density - dependent factor
population growth rate
emigration
immigration
carrying capacity

recall the definition of the review vocabulary term. population

compare the terms in the tables by defining them side by side. population density dispersion
density - independent factor density - dependent factor

population growth rate
emigration immigration

carrying capacity

classify each limiting factor below as either density - independent or density - dependent by placing an x in the appropriate column.
factor density - independent density - dependent
lava flow
number of predators
spread of disease
especially cold winter
toxic chemical spill into a stream
another species competing for the same resources
diverting a river for irrigation
fungus that attacks elm trees

analyze why populations are limited in their spatial distribution.

Explanation:

• Population: A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.
• Population density: The number of individuals of a population per unit area or volume.
• Dispersion: The pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population.
• Density - independent factor: A factor that affects the size of a population regardless of population density, like natural disasters. Lava flow and especially cold winter are density - independent as they impact populations irrespective of how many individuals there are. A toxic chemical spill into a stream and diverting a river for irrigation are also density - independent as they act on populations regardless of density.
• Density - dependent factor: A factor that affects the size of a population in ways related to population density. The number of predators, spread of disease, another species competing for the same resources, and a fungus that attacks elm trees are density - dependent. As population density increases, the impact of these factors becomes more significant. For example, more predators can have a greater impact on a larger population, and diseases spread more easily in dense populations.
• Population growth rate: The change in the size of a population over a given period of time, influenced by birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration.
• Emigration: The movement of individuals out of a population.
• Immigration: The movement of individuals into a population.
• Carrying capacity: The maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely.

Populations are limited in their spatial distribution due to factors such as availability of resources (food, water, shelter), presence of predators and competitors, and abiotic factors like climate and soil type. For example, a species may only be found in areas with a certain temperature range or where a particular type of food source is present.

Answer:

• Population: A group of same - species individuals in an area.
• Population density: Individuals per unit area/volume.
• Dispersion: Spacing pattern of population individuals.
• Density - independent factor: Lava flow, Especially cold winter, Toxic chemical spill into a stream, Diverting a river for irrigation.
• Density - dependent factor: Number of predators, Spread of disease, Another species competing for the same resources, Fungus that attacks elm trees.
• Population growth rate: Change in population size over time.
• Emigration: Movement out of a population.
• Immigration: Movement into a population.
• Carrying capacity: Maximum sustainable population size.
• Analysis of spatial distribution limitation: Limited by resource availability, predators, competitors, and abiotic factors.