Question

practice: other qualities of the table

1. name the three subatomic particles and their symbols.
2. how many electrons are there in the first electron orbital? the second? the third?
3. what is the atomic number?
4. what is the atomic mass (mass number)?
5. how do you calculate the atomic mass (mass number)?
6. what happens if you change the number of protons in an element? what happens when you change the number of neutrons?
7. how do i calculate the number of neutrons?
8. in ^14c how many protons are there? what is the mass number? how many neutrons are there?
9. in ^18o how many protons are there? what is the mass number? how many neutrons are there?
10. in ^14n how many protons are there? what is the mass number? how many neutrons are there?

Explanation:

Step1: Name sub - atomic particles

Proton ($p^+$), neutron ($n^0$), electron ($e^-$).

Step2: Electron count in orbitals

First orbital: 2 electrons. Second orbital: 8 electrons. Third orbital: 8 electrons (for basic understanding, can expand to 18 in more complex cases).

Step3: Define atomic number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

Step4: Define atomic mass

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Step5: Atomic mass calculation

Atomic mass (mass number) = Number of protons + Number of neutrons.

Step6: Effect of changing sub - atomic particles

Changing number of protons changes element identity. Changing number of neutrons creates isotopes.

Step7: Neutron number calculation

Number of neutrons = Atomic mass (mass number) - Atomic number.

Step8: For $^{14}C$

Protons: 6 (carbon's atomic number). Mass number: 14. Neutrons: 14 - 6 = 8.

Step9: For $^{18}O$

Protons: 8 (oxygen's atomic number). Mass number: 18. Neutrons: 18 - 8 = 10.

Step10: For $^{16}N$

Protons: 7 (nitrogen's atomic number). Mass number: 16. Neutrons: 16 - 7 = 9.

Answer:

1. Proton ($p^+$), neutron ($n^0$), electron ($e^-$)
2. First: 2, Second: 8, Third: 8
3. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus
4. The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus
5. Atomic mass (mass number) = Number of protons + Number of neutrons
6. Changing protons changes element identity. Changing neutrons creates isotopes
7. Number of neutrons = Atomic mass (mass number) - Atomic number
8. Protons: 6, Mass number: 14, Neutrons: 8
9. Protons: 8, Mass number: 18, Neutrons: 10
10. Protons: 7, Mass number: 16, Neutrons: 9