proofreading capitalization - cybersecurity
read the passage and correct the capitalization errors you find.
imagine opening your phone and realizing someone has taken over your instagram account. photos and videos you didn’t post are appearing. messages you didn’t write to reset it, but you’re locked out there too.
situations like these are why cybersecurity matters. cybersecurity is the practice of protecting your devices, accounts, and personal information against these kinds of online attacks.
online accounts store a lot of important information, including photos, text messages, school assignments, banking information, and personal details. if someone else gains access to these accounts, that information can be stolen, or shared without permission. once hackers have this information, it can be hard or impossible to get it back.
preventing cyberattacks takes effort from many different groups. governments have created laws and agencies to protect people and companies online. in the united states, for example, agencies like the federal trade commission and the cybersecurity and infrastructure security agency monitor online threats and respond to security problems. many companies like google and apple also help by requiring users to create strong passwords, and they offer features like two - factor authentication to keep accounts secure. individuals play a role too. using these security features, avoiding suspicious links, and being careful about what information gets shared all help reduce risk.

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# Brief Explanations:
The task is to proofread and correct capitalization errors. We check each sentence for proper nouns and words that should be capitalized.
1. "cybersecurity" in "Cybersecurity is the practice..." should be capitalized at the start of the sentence? No, wait, "Cybersecurity" when used as a noun referring to the field, and also proper nouns like "Instagram", "Gmail", "Federal Trade Commission", "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency" need capitalization. Let's go through:
- "Instagram" (proper noun, social media platform) should be capitalized.
- "Gmail" (proper noun, email service) should be capitalized.
- "Cybersecurity" (when starting a sentence? Wait, the sentence "Cybersecurity is the practice..." – "Cybersecurity" here is a noun, and also in "Preventing Cyberattacks" – "Cyberattacks" as a noun? Wait, let's list the errors:
- "instagram" → "Instagram"
- "gmail" → "Gmail"
- "cybersecurity" (in "Cybersecurity is the practice...") – wait, the first occurrence: "Situations like these are why cybersecurity matters." No, "cybersecurity" here is a common noun? Wait, no, when referring to the field, sometimes it's capitalized, but in standard usage, "cybersecurity" as a common noun (the practice) can be lowercase, but proper nouns like company names, agencies:
- "federal trade commission" → "Federal Trade Commission"
- "cybersecurity and infrastructure security agency" → "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency"
- "Cyberattacks" (in "Preventing Cyberattacks") – as a noun, maybe capitalize? Wait, let's do line by line:

Original passage with errors (capitalization):

1. "imagine opening your phone and realizing someone has taken over your instagram account." → "Imagine opening your phone and realizing someone has taken over your Instagram account."
2. "your password doesn't work anymore. You try logging into your gmail to reset it, but you're locked out there too." → "Your password doesn't work anymore. You try logging into your Gmail to reset it, but you're locked out there too."
3. "Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting your devices, accounts, and personal information against these kinds of online attacks." → Wait, "Cybersecurity" here – if it's the first word of the sentence? No, the sentence is "Situations like these are why cybersecurity matters. Cybersecurity is the practice...", so "Cybersecurity" at the start of the sentence should be capitalized? Wait, the first "cybersecurity" is in "why cybersecurity matters" (lowercase, as a common noun), then the next sentence starts with "Cybersecurity" – so that's correct (starts a sentence, so capitalize). Wait, no, the original: "Situations like these are why cybersecurity matters. Cybersecurity is the practice..." – so the second "Cybersecurity" starts a sentence, so it's capitalized (correct as is? Wait, the original has "cybersecurity" in lowercase in the first part? Wait, the user's passage:

"Imagine opening your phone and realizing someone has taken over your instagram account. Photos and videos you didn't post are being sent. Your password doesn't work anymore. You try logging into your gmail to reset it, but you're locked out there too.

Situations like these are why cybersecurity matters. Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting your devices, accounts, and personal information against these kinds of online attacks.

Online accounts store a lot of important information, including photos, text messages, school assignments, banking information, and personal details. If someone else gains access to these accounts, that information can be changed, stolen, or shared without permission. Once hackers have this information, it can be hard or impossible to get it back.

Preventing Cyberattacks takes effort from many different groups. Governments have created laws and agencies to protect people and companies online. In the united states, for example, agencies like the federal trade commission and the cybersecurity and infrastructure security agency monitor online threats and respond to security problems. Many Companies like Google and Apple also help by requiring users to create strong passwords, and they offer features like Two - Factor Authentication to keep accounts secure. Using these security features, avoiding suspicious links, and being careful about what information gets shared all help reduce risk."

Now, the capitalization errors:

1. "instagram" → "Instagram" (proper noun, social media platform)
2. "gmail" → "Gmail" (proper noun, email service)
3. "united states" → "United States" (proper noun, country)
4. "federal trade commission" → "Federal Trade Commission" (proper noun, government agency)
5. "cybersecurity and infrastructure security agency" → "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency" (proper noun, government agency)
6. "Cyberattacks" (in "Preventing Cyberattacks") – as a noun, capitalize? Wait, "Preventing Cyberattacks" – "Cyberattacks" is a noun, so capitalize? Yes, as a specific term.
7. "Companies" → "companies" (wait, no, "Many Companies" – "companies" is a common noun, should be lowercase? Wait, "Many companies like Google..." – "companies" is plural common noun, lowercase. So "Many Companies" → "Many companies"
8. "Two - Factor Authentication" – "Two - Factor Authentication" is a proper noun (a specific feature), so keep capitalized, but the hyphen? Wait, "Two-Factor Authentication" (correct spelling with no space, hyphenated).

Let's list all corrections:

- "instagram" → "Instagram"
- "gmail" → "Gmail"
- "united states" → "United States"
- "federal trade commission" → "Federal Trade Commission"
- "cybersecurity and infrastructure security agency" → "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency"
- "Preventing Cyberattacks" – "Cyberattacks" → "Cyberattacks" (capitalize as a noun referring to a specific type of attack)
- "Many Companies" → "Many companies" (since "companies" is a common noun, not a proper noun)
- "Two - Factor Authentication" → "Two-Factor Authentication" (correct hyphenation, and it's a proper noun, so capitalized)

Now, applying these:

1. "imagine opening your phone and realizing someone has taken over your instagram account."
   Corrected: "Imagine opening your phone and realizing someone has taken over your Instagram account."

2. "You try logging into your gmail to reset it, but you're locked out there too."
   Corrected: "You try logging into your Gmail to reset it, but you're locked out there too."

3. "In the united states, for example, agencies like the federal trade commission and the cybersecurity and infrastructure security agency monitor online threats and respond to security problems."
   Corrected: "In the United States, for example, agencies like the Federal Trade Commission and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency monitor online threats and respond to security problems."

4. "Preventing Cyberattacks takes effort from many different groups."
   (Here, "Cyberattacks" is capitalized as a specific term for the type of attacks, so this is correct as is? Wait, "cyberattacks" in the previous sentence: "Situations like these are why cybersecurity matters." – "cybersecurity" is lowercase, but "Cyberattacks" as a noun, maybe capitalize. So this is correct.)

5. "Many Companies like Google and Apple also help by requiring users to create strong passwords"
   Corrected: "Many companies like Google and Apple also help by requiring users to create strong passwords"

6. "Using these security features, avoiding suspicious links, and being careful about what information gets shared all help reduce risk."
   (No capitalization error here.)

# Answer:
The passage with corrected capitalization:

Imagine opening your phone and realizing someone has taken over your **Instagram** account. Photos and videos you didn't post are being sent. Your password doesn't work anymore. You try logging into your **Gmail** to reset it, but you're locked out there too.

Situations like these are why cybersecurity matters. **Cybersecurity** is the practice of protecting your devices, accounts, and personal information against these kinds of online attacks.

Online accounts store a lot of important information, including photos, text messages, school assignments, banking information, and personal details. If someone else gains access to these accounts, that information can be changed, stolen, or shared without permission. Once hackers have this information, it can be hard or impossible to get it back.

Preventing **Cyberattacks** takes effort from many different groups. Governments have created laws and agencies to protect people and companies online. In the **United States**, for example, agencies like the **Federal Trade Commission** and the **Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency** monitor online threats and respond to security problems. Many **companies** like Google and Apple also help by requiring users to create strong passwords, and they offer features like Two - Factor Authentication to keep accounts secure. Using these security features, avoiding suspicious links, and being careful about what information gets shared all help reduce risk.

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