Question

question 11 of 22 polar bonds nonpolar bonds answer bank the bond between hydrogen atoms in diatomic hydrogen (h₂) electrons are not equally shared by the atoms in a covalent bond electrons of adjoined atoms are equally distributed between those atoms one atom of a covalent bond has higher electronegativity than the other atom in the bond the bond between oxygen and hydrogen in water (h₂o)

Explanation:

To solve this, we recall the definitions of polar and nonpolar bonds:

• Polar bonds: Occur when there is a difference in electronegativity between the two atoms in a covalent bond. This causes electrons to be unequally shared. Examples include bonds between atoms of different elements with different electronegativities.
• Nonpolar bonds: Occur when electrons are equally shared between the two atoms in a covalent bond, typically when the atoms are the same (or have very similar electronegativities).

Analyzing each option:

1. "the bond between hydrogen atoms in diatomic hydrogen ($\ce{H_2}$)": In $\ce{H_2}$, both atoms are hydrogen, so they have the same electronegativity. Electrons are equally shared. This is a nonpolar bond.
2. "electrons are not equally shared by the atoms in a covalent bond": This is the definition of a polar bond, as unequal sharing occurs due to electronegativity differences.
3. "electrons of adjoined atoms are equally distributed between those atoms": This is the definition of a nonpolar bond, as equal distribution means equal sharing.
4. "one atom of a covalent bond has higher electronegativity than the other atom in the bond": A difference in electronegativity leads to unequal sharing of electrons, which is characteristic of a polar bond.
5. "the bond between oxygen and hydrogen in water ($\ce{H_2O}$)": Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, so electrons are unequally shared. This is a polar bond.

Categorizing:

• Polar bonds:
• electrons are not equally shared by the atoms in a covalent bond (definition)
• one atom of a covalent bond has higher electronegativity than the other atom in the bond (reason for unequal sharing)
• the bond between oxygen and hydrogen in water ($\ce{H_2O}$) (example)
• Nonpolar bonds:
• the bond between hydrogen atoms in diatomic hydrogen ($\ce{H_2}$) (example, same atoms)
• electrons of adjoined atoms are equally distributed between those atoms (definition)

Answer:

Polar bonds:

• electrons are not equally shared by the atoms in a covalent bond
• one atom of a covalent bond has higher electronegativity than the other atom in the bond
• the bond between oxygen and hydrogen in water ($\ce{H_2O}$)

Nonpolar bonds:

• the bond between hydrogen atoms in diatomic hydrogen ($\ce{H_2}$)
• electrons of adjoined atoms are equally distributed between those atoms