Question

question 11
0.5 points
in the scientific method, the recognition of and a statement about a specific phenomenon, usually leading to the formulation of a question about the phenomenon.
conclusion
experiment
observation
peer review
prediction
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question 12
0.5 points
an explanation of natural phenomena developed through extensive and reproducible observations; more general and reliable than a hypothesis.
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Explanation:

For Question 11: In the scientific method, the initial step of identifying and stating a specific phenomenon that leads to a research question is defined as observation.
For Question 12: The description matches a scientific theory, which is a well-supported, general explanation of natural phenomena built from consistent, reproducible observations, and is more robust than a single hypothesis.

Answer:

Question 11: Observation
Question 12: Scientific Theory