Question

question 24 (4 points)
which of the following best describes the way genes shape an individual human life?
each gene programs one specific protein in the human body.
each gene acts independently of the other.
many genes collaborate with each other as well as with nongenetic factors.
genes strictly determine the possibility of any individual human life.
question 25 (4 points)
_____ refers to an abnormally small brain of a fetus that can lead to intellectual disability.
spina bifida
klinefelter syndrome
hemophilia
microcephaly

Explanation:

Question 24

• Option 1: Not all genes code for a single protein; some have other roles, and alternative splicing can lead to multiple proteins from one gene.
• Option 2: Genes do not act independently; they interact with each other and environmental factors.
• Option 3: Correct. Genes work together (e.g., in gene regulatory networks) and also interact with nongenetic factors like diet, environment, etc., to shape traits and development.
• Option 4: Genes do not strictly determine outcomes; environmental and epigenetic factors also play a role, so outcomes are not fixed by genes alone.

• Spina bifida: A neural tube defect affecting the spine, not the brain size.
• Klinefelter syndrome: A chromosomal disorder (XXY) affecting sexual development, not brain size.
• Hemophilia: A blood - clotting disorder, not related to brain size.
• Microcephaly: Defined as an abnormally small head (and thus brain) in a fetus or infant, which can lead to intellectual disability due to underdeveloped brain tissue.

Answer:

C. Many genes collaborate with each other as well as with nongenetic factors.

Question 25