Question

question 1 (1 point) which of the following is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia? skeletal muscle twitch and cramps oliguria elevated serum ph cardiac arrhythmias question 2 (1 point) strenuous physical exercise on a hot day is likely to result in hypokalemia hypernatremia hyperchloremia hypovolemia question 3 (1 point) prolonged diarrhea results in loss of fluid and bicarbonate ions leading to metabolic acidosis increased fluid and serum bicarbonate ions leading to metabolic acidosis loss of chloride ions only leading to metabolic alkalosis simple bicarbonate ions leading to respiratory alkalosis

Explanation:

• Question 1: Hypokalemia (low potassium) and hyperkalemia (high potassium) can both disrupt the normal electrical activity of the heart, leading to cardiac arrhythmias. Skeletal muscle twitch and cramps are more typical of hypokalemia. Oliguria is not a common shared effect. Elevated serum pH is not a shared common effect either.
• Question 2: Strenuous physical exercise on a hot day causes sweating. Sweating leads to loss of water and some electrolytes. Hypovolemia (low - volume of extracellular fluid) is likely as more water is lost than electrolytes in sweating. Hypokalemia may occur but is not the most likely direct result. Hypernatremia and hyperchloremia are not the typical immediate results as the loss is mainly of water.
• Question 3: Prolonged diarrhea causes loss of fluid and bicarbonate ions from the gastrointestinal tract. Bicarbonate is an important buffer in the body, and its loss leads to a decrease in the body's buffering capacity and metabolic acidosis.

Answer:

Question 1: D. cardiac arrhythmias
Question 2: D. hypovolemia
Question 3: A. loss of fluid and bicarbonate ions leading to metabolic acidosis