Question

questions 1 through 3 refer to the following. the adoption of the
ew\ institutions by the abbasids was followed almost immediately by a period of disintegration of the abbasid state. the disintegration of the abbasid state was an especially painful process in which it seemed at times as if the very venture of islam was coming to an end, like that of alexander the great before it. indeed, that islam was soon to disappear was the very premise upon which the shiite revolutionaries held out their promise of a revival and material recovery that could now save the marriage between religion and power to which the islamic state owed its existence. please cite: daron acemoglu, a turkish - origin american historian of islamic history, slaves on horses: the evolution of the islamic polity, 1980. the combination between religious and political aspects in the abbasid states governance is best reflected in which of the following? a. the abbasid state had an influential sunni religious class that often came into conflict with the state. b. the abbasid state often allowed local rulers considerable autonomy. c. the abbasid state patronized the construction of religious buildings such as mosques. d. the abbasid state was headed by a caliph who was both the states supreme religious and political leader.

Explanation:

In the Abbasid state, the caliph was both a religious and political leader, embodying the combination of religious and political aspects. This is a key characteristic of the governance structure. Options B and C focus more on local autonomy and building - related patronage respectively, and option A is about conflict with a religious class rather than the combination of religion and politics at the top - level of the state.

Answer:

D. The Abbasid state was headed by a caliph who was both the state's supreme religious and political leader