Question

read section 12.2 major marine lifestyles and environments pages 380 - 383. 1. what are two main ways that marine communities can be classified? 2. what characteristics make an organism part of the plankton? 3. which zones of the ocean do not have enough light to support photosynthesis? use the article “marine science in action” page 382. 4. name some families of fish that have cleaners. 5. what benefits do the cleaner and host receive from their cleaning association? 6. how do cleaners advertise their services?

Explanation:

1. Marine communities can be classified by habitat (e.g., benthic - bottom - dwelling, pelagic - open - water) and trophic level (producers, consumers, decomposers).
2. Organisms are part of plankton if they are non - motile or weakly motile and drift with water currents, and are usually small in size.
3. The aphotic zones (bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, and hadopelagic) of the ocean do not have enough light for photosynthesis as light penetration is minimal at these depths.
4. Some fish families with cleaners include the Labridae (wrasse family).
5. The cleaner gets a food source (parasites, dead tissue) and the host gets rid of parasites and has its skin and gills cleaned, reducing the risk of disease.
6. Cleaners may use visual signals like bright colors or specific swimming patterns to advertise their cleaning services to potential hosts.

Answer:

1. By habitat and trophic level.
2. Non - motile or weakly motile, drift with currents, small size.
3. Aphotic zones (bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, hadopelagic).
4. Labridae.
5. Cleaner gets food, host gets parasite removal and skin/gill cleaning.
6. Visual signals like bright colors or specific swimming patterns.