Question

review the function of each organelle before answering the questions below. you may use your notes as a resource. 1. how does the nucleus work with ribosomes? 2. how does the endoplasmic reticulum work with the golgi apparatus? 3. how does the nucleus work with lysosomes (which are filled with enzymes; enzymes are made of protein)? 4. what might happen to a cell if its mitochondria were removed? “it would die” is not an acceptable answer. explain! 5. what might happen to a cell if it had no plasma membrane (cell membrane)? “it would die” is not an acceptable answer. explain! 6. how are microtubules and microfilaments different? 7. what might happen to a cell if it had no lysosomes? “it would die” is not an acceptable answer. explain! 8. is any given organelle more important than another? or are they all equally important? explain.

Explanation:

1. The nucleus contains DNA which has the genetic code for making proteins. It transcribes mRNA which travels to ribosomes. Ribosomes use the mRNA as a template to synthesize proteins.
2. The endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes and folds proteins and lipids. It packages them into vesicles which are transported to the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages these molecules for secretion or use within the cell.
3. The nucleus contains the genes that code for the enzymes in lysosomes. It sends the genetic information for enzyme - production to the ribosomes. The ribosomes make the enzymes which are then processed and transported to lysosomes.
4. Mitochondria are the power - houses of the cell, producing ATP through cellular respiration. Without mitochondria, the cell would lack a major energy source, and processes that require energy (such as active transport, protein synthesis) would be severely impaired.
5. The plasma membrane is crucial for maintaining cell homeostasis. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Without it, there would be no regulation of ion and nutrient concentrations, and the cell's internal environment would be disrupted.
6. Microtubules are made of tubulin and are larger, hollow structures that are involved in cell - division (forming the spindle fibers), cell - movement (as in cilia and flagella), and intracellular transport. Microfilaments are made of actin and are smaller, solid structures that are involved in muscle - like contractions in the cell, cell - crawling, and maintaining cell shape.
7. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials, damaged organelles, and pathogens. Without lysosomes, waste would accumulate in the cell, and damaged organelles would not be recycled, leading to a build - up of toxic substances and impaired cell function.
8. All organelles are equally important as they have specialized functions that are interdependent. For example, the nucleus provides the genetic information, ribosomes make proteins, mitochondria provide energy, and lysosomes clean up waste. A malfunction in one can disrupt the entire cell's function.

Answer:

1. The nucleus transcribes mRNA for ribosomes to make proteins.
2. ER synthesizes and transports to Golgi for modification and packaging.
3. Nucleus codes for lysosomal enzymes via ribosomes.
4. Lack of energy - dependent processes due to no ATP production.
5. No regulation of substance movement, disrupted internal environment.
6. Microtubules are larger, hollow; for cell - division etc. Microfilaments are smaller, solid; for cell - crawling etc.
7. Waste and damaged organelles would accumulate.
8. All are equally important as they are interdependent.