sa: cbc review questions
1. what is the liquid portion of blood called? what percentage of this liquid is water?
2. name at least three solutes that are carried in the blood
3. where are blood cells created?
4. what are platelets, and what is their function?
5. explain how platelets eventually form a \scab\.

Question

Accepted Answer

### Sub - question 1
# Brief Explanations:
The liquid portion of blood is plasma. Plasma is approximately 90 - 92% water. This is a basic fact in the study of blood composition in biology (specifically in the sub - field of human physiology or hematology within biology).
# Answer:
The liquid portion of blood is called plasma. Approximately 90 - 92% of plasma is water.

### Sub - question 2
# Brief Explanations:
In blood, common solutes include glucose (which provides energy to cells), salts (such as sodium, potassium, and chloride ions that help in maintaining osmotic balance and nerve - muscle function), and proteins (like albumin which helps in maintaining blood volume, and globulins which are involved in immune responses and transporting substances). These solutes are carried in the plasma of the blood, and this knowledge is part of the study of blood biochemistry within biology.
# Answer:
Three solutes carried in the blood are glucose, salts (e.g., sodium ions), and proteins (e.g., albumin).

### Sub - question 3
# Brief Explanations:
Blood cells are created in the bone marrow. Specifically, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets all originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. This is a key concept in hematology, a sub - field of biology that deals with blood and blood - forming tissues.
# Answer:
Blood cells are created in the bone marrow.

### Sub - question 4
# Brief Explanations:
Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small, colorless cell fragments in the blood. Their main function is to help in blood clotting. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets rush to the site, stick together, and form a plug to stop bleeding. This is an important aspect of the hemostatic process studied in hematology and human physiology within biology.
# Answer:
Platelets are small, colorless cell fragments in the blood. Their function is to help in blood clotting (hemostasis) by forming a plug at the site of a damaged blood vessel to stop bleeding.

### Sub - question 5
# Brief Explanations:
When a blood vessel is injured, platelets are activated. They adhere to the damaged area of the blood vessel wall (which has exposed collagen fibers). Then, platelets change shape and become sticky, attracting more platelets to the site. They release chemicals that cause other platelets to aggregate and form a platelet plug. Next, a series of chemical reactions occur in the blood that lead to the formation of fibrin. Fibrin forms a mesh - like network around the platelet plug, trapping blood cells and forming a blood clot. As the clot dries and contracts, it forms a scab, which protects the wound as it heals. This process is part of the hemostatic mechanism studied in hematology and wound healing processes within biology.
# Answer:
When a blood vessel is injured:
1. Platelets adhere to the damaged vessel wall (exposed collagen).
2. Platelets become activated, change shape, and release chemicals to attract more platelets, forming a platelet plug.
3. The coagulation cascade is triggered, leading to the formation of fibrin.
4. Fibrin forms a mesh around the platelet plug, trapping blood cells to form a blood clot.
5. The clot dries and contracts to form a scab, protecting the wound as it heals.

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