Question

scenario 1: joanna read that a certain ester (a type of chemical) found in perfumes would agitate bees. because perfume formulas are secret, she decided to determine whether the ester was present in four different perfumes by observing the bees behavior. she placed a saucer containing 10 ml of the first perfume 3 m from the hive. she recorded the time required for the bees to emerge and made observations on their behavior. after a 30 - minute recovery period, she tested the second, third, and fourth perfumes. all experiments were conducted on the same day when the weather conditions were similar; that is, outdoor temperature and wind speed. a. what is the independent variable in this scenario? b. what is the dependent variable in this scenario? c. list three specific controlled variables in this scenario:

Explanation:

In an experiment, the independent variable is what the experimenter changes, the dependent variable is what is measured as a result of the change in the independent variable, and controlled variables are kept the same to ensure valid results.

• a. JoAnna changes the type of perfume, so the independent variable is the type of perfume.
• b. She measures the time for bees to emerge and their behavior, so the dependent variable is the time for bees to emerge and their behavior.
• c. Controlled variables include the volume of perfume (10 mL), the distance from the hive (3 m), the recovery - period (30 minutes), and weather conditions (outdoor temperature and wind speed). We can list three: volume of perfume, distance from the hive, recovery - period.

Answer:

a. The type of perfume
b. The time for bees to emerge and their behavior
c. Volume of perfume, distance from the hive, recovery - period