Question

section i review
section vocabulary
biome a large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plant and animal communities
climate the average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time
elevation the height of an object above sea - level
latitude the distance north or south from the equator; expressed in degrees
prevailing winds winds that blow mainly from one direction during a given period
surface current a horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by wind and that occurs at or near the oceans surface
weather the short - term state of the atmosphere, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, and visibility

1. compare how is climate different from weather?
2. apply concepts nome, alaska, lies at 64°n latitude. san diego, california, lies at 32°n latitude. which city receives more sunlight? explain your answer.
3. explain what causes some places on earth to have seasons?
4. identify what are four things that can affect climate?
5. explain describe how the rain - shadow effect works.

Explanation:

1. Climate is long - term average weather, while weather is short - term atmospheric state.
2. San Diego receives more sunlight as it is closer to the equator (lower latitude), getting more direct sunlight.
3. Earth's tilt on its axis as it orbits the sun causes different parts to receive varying amounts of sunlight, leading to seasons.
4. Four things affecting climate are latitude, elevation, ocean currents, and prevailing winds.
5. The rain - shadow effect occurs when moist air rises over a mountain range, cools and condenses on the windward side, dropping rain. On the leeward side, the air is dry as it descends and warms, creating a dry area.

Answer:

1. Climate is the average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time, while weather is the short - term state of the atmosphere, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, and visibility.
2. San Diego. It lies at a lower latitude (32°N) compared to Nome (64°N), so it is closer to the equator and receives more direct sunlight.
3. Earth's tilt on its axis as it orbits the Sun. This tilt causes different parts of the Earth to receive different amounts of sunlight at different times of the year, resulting in seasons.
4. Latitude, elevation, ocean currents, prevailing winds.
5. Moist air rises over a mountain range. As it rises, it cools and condenses, causing precipitation on the windward side. On the leeward side, the descending air warms and is dry, creating a rain - shadow area with less precipitation.