Question

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1. \if i have seen further its because i stood on the shoulders of giants.\ what does this quote mean? 2. when does gravity loose hold on earth? 3. how did the scientist prove the church wrong? 4. why as copernicus not eager to pronounce his theories? 5. what did tycho brahe discover? 6. why was galileos discoveries explosive? 7. how did galileos ideas proved the church was wrong? 8. what happened to galileo in the church inquisition? 9. what was his verdict and what was his sentence by the catholic church?

Explanation:

1. This quote means that progress and new - found knowledge are often built upon the work and discoveries of predecessors.
2. Gravity never completely "looses hold" on Earth. However, as one moves farther from Earth's center, the gravitational force weakens. In space, far from Earth, the gravitational influence becomes negligible.
3. Scientists proved the church wrong through empirical evidence, experiments, and observations. For example, in the case of the heliocentric model, observations of planetary motion and the use of telescopes provided evidence against the geocentric view supported by the church.
4. Copernicus was not eager to pronounce his theories because they challenged the established religious and scientific views of the time. He was aware of the potential controversy and opposition.
5. Tycho Brahe made extensive and accurate astronomical observations, especially of the positions of stars and planets. His data was crucial for later astronomical theories.
6. Galileo's discoveries were explosive because they directly contradicted the long - held Aristotelian and church - supported views of the universe. His observations of the moon's surface, Jupiter's moons, and sunspots provided evidence for a more dynamic and complex universe.
7. Galileo's ideas proved the church wrong by showing, through his telescopic observations, that the heavens were not perfect and unchanging as the church believed. For example, the presence of sunspots on the sun and the moons of Jupiter indicated a more complex and dynamic universe.
8. In the Church inquisition, Galileo was put on trial for his support of the heliocentric model. He was forced to recant his views.
9. Galileo was found "vehemently suspect of heresy" by the Catholic Church. His sentence included house - arrest for the rest of his life.

Answer:

1. Progress is built on predecessors' work.
2. Gravity weakens with distance from Earth's center but never completely disappears near Earth.
3. Through empirical evidence and observations.
4. Fearing controversy and opposition.
5. Extensive and accurate astronomical observations.
6. Contradicted established views.
7. Telescopic observations showed a non - perfect and dynamic universe.
8. Put on trial and forced to recant.
9. Found "vehemently suspect of heresy", sentenced to house - arrest.