Question

the separation of the cytoplasm of a cell during cell division is known as:
○ binary fission
○ budding
○ cytokinesis
○ mitosis
○ meiosis

question 13 1 pts
what is necessary for a cell to pass the g₂ checkpoint?
○ cell has reached a sufficient size
○ proper attachment of mitotic spindle fibers to kinetochores
○ the chromatin has condensed into chromosomes

Explanation:

For the first question: Binary fission is prokaryotic cell division; budding is an asexual reproduction method; mitosis/meiosis are nuclear division processes, while cytokinesis specifically refers to cytoplasmic separation during cell division.
For the second question: Reaching sufficient size is checked at the G1 checkpoint; spindle attachment is checked at the M checkpoint; chromatin condensation occurs during prophase, and the G2 checkpoint requires that DNA replication is complete and there are no DNA damages (the listed options are incomplete, but based on standard knowledge, the key unlisted requirement is complete, undamaged DNA replication; however, if we only consider the provided options, none are fully correct, but the standard correct condition for G2 checkpoint is verification of successful DNA replication and absence of DNA errors).

Answer:

1. cytokinesis
2. (Note: The provided options are incomplete. The standard requirement to pass the G₂ checkpoint is that DNA replication is fully completed and the cell has no unrepaired DNA damage. None of the listed options accurately represent this. If forced to select from the given choices, none are correct, but the core necessary condition is verified, error-free completion of S-phase DNA replication.)