Question

1. six researchers each survey a random sample of 100 customers at a local grocery store in order to estimate the percentage of customers who typically pay for their groceries with cash. the sample percentages obtained by the six researchers are as follows: 11%, 11%, 10%, 12%, 10%, and 9%. it turns out the true population percentage is 15%. these six sample results illustrate

a. a little bias and negligible variability.
b. large bias and small variability.
c. negligible bias and large variability.
d. large bias and large variability.
e. small bias and unusually large variability.

Explanation:

Bias is the difference between the sample - statistic and the true population parameter. Here, the sample percentages (11%, 11%, 10%, 12%, 10%, 9%) are consistently lower than the true population percentage of 15%, indicating a large bias. Variability refers to the spread of the sample - statistics. The sample percentages are relatively close to each other, showing small variability.

Answer:

B. large bias and small variability.